The United States provided all the maintenance and operation of the airport through an American civilian contractor. The United States has had a military presence in Iceland since 1941, and a formal defense agreement with that nation since 1951.The Navy assumed the responsibility of running the air station from the U.S. Air Force in 1961.The base acted as a platform for several operational capabilities throughout World War II, the Cold War and in the modern arena. In addition to their defense role, U.S. forces constructed the Keflavik Airport as a refueling point for aircraft deliveries and cargo flights to Europe[citation needed]. The Reykavk Grapevine is Iceland's biggest, best and most widely read English-language publication. In September 1954, Naval Facility Ramey was commissioned in Puerto Rico. This museum is known as the Duus Museum. CLASSIC BULLSEYE. As we havepreviously reportedthe US is considering re-stationing American troops in Icelandwith US officials having held informal talks with the Icelandic government. [36] By 1979 it was the most recently built ship of the five project ships that then included cable repair ships Albert J. Myer and Neptune due for modernization and the larger repair ship Aeolus that was uneconomical to repair and marginal as a cable ship. [citation needed]. % Tactical Support Center Keflavik - U.S. The Applied Physics Laboratory, University of Washington has used the system for Ocean Acoustic Tomography. navfac keflavik, iceland. Army National Guard units and Interim Marine Security Forces stormed the lava fields surrounding the base during training exercises such as Northern Viking. Returned to control of Icelandic Government on 7 April 1947; returned to joint Icelandic-USAF control, 23 May 1951. Click to enlarge. [3] NAVFAC Cape Hatteras closed in 1982 and in 1983 Midway acoustic data was rerouted directly to Naval Ocean Processing Facility, Ford Island. [3][26], In 1954 three full systems to include a NAVFAC terminus were installed with arrays terminating at NAVFACs at Ramey Air Force Base, Puerto Rico in September, Grand Turk in October, and San Salvador in December. ADC, later renamed Aerospace Defense Command used the facility for air surveillance of Iceland and the North Atlantic, employing F-102 Delta Dagger and then F-4C Phantom II fighters as interceptors. Keflavik is also home to Keflavik International Airport, the airport where most fly into when they come to Iceland. For those of us that braved the Icelandic Domain in the land of fire and ice. <>/ExtGState<>/XObject<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI] >>/MediaBox[ 0 0 612 792] /Contents 4 0 R/Group<>/Tabs/S/StructParents 0>> A crash reconstruction program was initiated and temporary housing was erected during the construction of permanent housing. The government of Iceland protested the invasion but asked the populace to treat the occupying force as guests. Rather than prosecute the contacts and reveal how closely the system could track the submarines, the SAC bases put more bombers on ready alert assuming the Soviets would notice. Consolidation and new systems brought further change in 1985. It was even found that color blindness could be an advantage. Office of Air Force History, Fletcher, Harry R., Air Force Bases Volume II, Active Air Force Bases outside the United States of America on 17 September 1982, Office of Air Force History, 1989, Hill, Mike and Campbell, John, Tactical Air Command An Illustrated History 19461992, 2001, Martin, Patrick, Tail Code: The Complete History Of USAF Tactical Aircraft Tail Code Markings, 1994, Maurer Maurer, Air Force Combat Units Of World War II, Office of Air Force History, 1983, Ravenstein, Charles A., Air Force Combat Wings Lineage and Honors Histories 19471977, Office of Air Force History, 1984. ly. The operators had no information on which to identify a hostile submerged submarine's unique signature while snorkeling on the LOFARgram. Texas Applied Research Laboratories,[45] and several other organizations have used the system for research. The projects support the European Deterrence Initiative (EDI) which is implemented by the US European Command. Mark S. Laughton, presided over a ceremony effecting the disestablishment of the air station.[8][9]. For details on locations, including photographs, see, The similarity is seen in the 1962 Bell Telephone System advertisement. The Ocean System commands, COMOCEANSYSLANT (COSL) and COMOCEANSYSPAC (COSP), then began to reflect their true nature as Undersea Surveillance commands COMUNDERSEASURVLANT (CUSL) and COMUNDERSEASURVPAC (CUSP) under the Integrated Undersea Surveillance System (IUSS) name that had come into effect in 1985 as systems other than fixed emerged. It was because of the low frequencies, "about the A below middle C on the piano" (about 100-150 cycles) and "Jezebel" being chosen because "she was of low character. In 1962, the detections were published at the secret level by Commander, Alaskan Sea Frontier, and these reports were pushed up the chain of command. Don't worry, we won't spam you. Your team store allows you to customize clothing for every type of Keflavik Naval Air Station Air fan. Visit Keflavik on your way to or from Reykjavik for a chance to discover the town's wide-range of shops, restaurants, a cinema, museums, and more! The airfield was extended by the Nello L. Teer Company[6] and two new aircraft hangars were constructed. The new Advanced Deployable System enters as a part of IUSS and NAVFAC Brawdy, Wales closes with equipment and operation transferred to Joint Maritime Facility St Mawgan during 1995. Beginning in 1984, the 932d Air Control Squadron established a Radar Operations Control Center at Keflavik which coordinated the 57th FIS interceptors to contacts passing through the GIUK gap. [3], SOSUS systems consisted of bottom-mounted hydrophone arrays connected by underwater cables to facilities ashore. There were more than 25 different commands of various sizes and personnel from the U.S. Army, U.S. Navy, U.S. Air Force, U.S. Marine Corps, and U.S. Coast Guard in Iceland. [1][3][5][note 3]. The Navy has been allotted nearly $36 million in the two . This led to the ruling coalition collapsing and the 1974 Icelandic parliamentary election being held. Join our weekly hand curated newsletter to have all the latest news from Iceland sent to you. In 1994 the Atlantic and Pacific commands were merged into Commander Undersea Surveillance at Dam Neck, Virginia. As a result, people in the fleet often did not know of the system's dedicated antisubmarine mission. Under ADC until 1979 and under TAC until 1992. [30], In 1980 consolidation and elimination of expensive individual facilities was made possible by the Wideband Acoustic Data Relay (WADR) first installed at Midway Island in January 1982 so that the two Midway arrays could eventually be remoted directly to NOPF Ford Island. New systems were installed during 1968 at Midway Island and Guam. Name changed in June 2019 to, Greenland-Iceland-United Kingdom (GIUK) gap, Canadian Forces Station (CFS) Shelburne, Nova Scotia, Golf II-class ballistic missile submarine, Commander, Submarine Force, U.S. Pacific Fleet, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Pacific Acoustic Research Kaneohe Alaska (PARKA) II, "How the ocean grew 'ears' to pinpoint missile shots", Naval Information Warfare Systems Command, Integrated Undersea Surveillance System insignia, "SOSUS The "Secret Weapon" of Undersea Surveillance", "Integrated Undersea Surveillance System (IUSS) History 1950 - 2010", Report on Security of Overseas Transport. [22][23], The first systems were limited by the commercial telephone cable technology for the application requiring a shore facility within about 150nmi (170mi; 280km) from the array and thus within that distance from the continental shelf locations suitable for the array. It was named after another young pilot, George Meeks, who died on the Reykjavk airfield. British and US Forces then begin joint, combined operations at NOPF Dam Neck. Everywhere from housing units, to playgrounds, to schools all that remains now is the memories of the vibrant community the base once supported. [note 7] Systems terminating at Naval Facility Bermuda, Canadian Forces Station (CFS) Shelburne, Nova Scotia, Nantucket, and Cape May were installed during 1955. [3][32] The old station is now home of the Gerace Research Center. [1] The focus of the US Navy also turned toward a new fixed system, the Fixed Distributed System, and systems deployable on a theater basis such as the Surveillance Towed Array Sensor System and Advanced Deployable System. In April 1974 the ship was reported as already being funded by Naval Electronics Systems Command (NAVELEX), where the project program management resided, and no longer funded as an oceanographic ship. As a result of the Hartwell group's recommendations, the Office of Naval Research (ONR) contracted with American Telephone and Telegraph Company (AT&T), with its Bell Laboratories research and Western Electric manufacturing elements, to develop a long range, passive detection system, based on bottom arrays of hydrophones. It was a ghost town caught in the gap between its old role as a naval base and unwritten future. During 194751, while the base was operated by a U.S. civilian contractor company most of the World War II temporary structures were left empty and became badly deteriorated. NAS Keflavik features prominently in Tom Clancy's 1986 techno-thriller novel Red Storm Rising. These 15 companies will join over 50 other companies that were chosen this year. Other ships were added for acoustic and bathymetric surveys and cable support. [1] The first detection of a Soviet nuclear submarine occurred on 6 July 1962 when NAVFAC Barbados recognized and reported contact #27103, a Soviet nuclear submarine west of Norway coming into the Atlantic through the Greenland-Iceland-United Kingdom (GIUK) gap.[1][3]. SOSUS grew out of tasking in 1949 to scientists and engineers to study the problem of antisubmarine warfare. Is the US Navy returning?Currently the Keflavk Airbaseis being used by planes from the US and other NATO members (Iceland is a member nation). [3], For much of the system's operation, direct action based on SOSUS contacts was avoided. A 1965 decision to deploy systems to the Norwegian Sea was followed in 1966 with a system terminating at Keflavik, Iceland with the first 3X16 array system while Western Electric installed data links by land line to OCEANSYSLANT and OCEANSYSPAC. The Sound Surveillance System (SOSUS) was a submarine detection system based on passive sonar developed by the United States Navy to track Soviet submarines. That opened a new field for women outside the usual medical, education, or administrative specialties. Do you have NAVFAC KEFLAVIK ICELAND Reunion information you'd like to share. Do you want to know more about this subject? In June, USAF Civil Engineer Center (AFCEC) replaced the 64-year-old runway at Little Rock Air Force Base (AFB), Arkansas, US. Please send me. In 1985, as the fixed bottom arrays were supplemented by the mobile Surveillance Towed Array Sensor System (SURTASS) and other new systems were coming on line, the name itself changed to Integrated Undersea Surveillance System (IUSS). Over 1,000 intercepts of Soviet aircraft took place inside Iceland's military air defense identification zone (ADIZ). Browse Military Units. Coordinates: 63.9943 N 22.6233 W. The first U.S. Military involvement in Iceland dates back to 1941, when Marines arrived according to an agreement between the governments of Iceland, Great Britain and the United States. One block from the Hotel Berg, 6 minutes from the Keflavik Airport. Hartwell who was the Deputy Chairman of the Committee for Undersea Warfare,[note 2] under Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) leadership. MATS (later Military Airlift Command and Air Mobility Command) units remained at the airport until the withdrawal of United States military units from Iceland in 2006. In the late 1980s and early 1990s, the system was opened to tactical use and the fleet began to see the contact information in other formats readily understandable by fleet antisubmarine forces. Was with FASron107 1959 until the commissioning of NAF Keflavik in 1960. The same year, the Pacific systems began to be installed and activated. xk. Over the next three decades, more systems were added; NAVFAC Keflavik, Iceland in 1966 and NAVFAC Guam in 1968 being examples of expansion beyond the western Atlantic and eastern Pacific. United States Air Forces in Europe (USAFE) took over ACC responsibilities at Keflavik on 1 October 2002 as part of a larger restructuring of the unified commands. endobj NAVFAC Lewes, Delaware closed that year. The 85th Group continued to support rotational deployments until it was inactivated during a ceremony on 28 June 2006, as a result of the USAF reduction in forces in Iceland. Commander, Oceanographic System Pacific (COMOCEANSYSPAC) was established for the Pacific systems in 1964. navfac keflavik, icelandcapricorn and virgo flirting. The hangar housed rotational P-3 Orion aircraft and crews in support of anti-submarine warfare until 2004. The surveillance aspect continues with new systems under Commander, Undersea Surveillance. To sustain this, the U.S. Navy and Marine Corps created small, specialized teams that move mountains to . Comments are closed. The 85th was reduced to a Group level and supported rotational deployments. Not all personnel assigned to the facility had access to the operational part of the installations. Before the nature of the arrays became known, many writers assumed SOSUS was a barrier system, rather than arrays giving surveillance of entire ocean basins. Promise! Cable technology made it possible to site arrays further from shore into the ocean basins. All the direct support through contracts with Western Electric, Bell Labs and ship schedules was under this management. The system's true nature was classified with the name and acronym SOSUS themselves classified. American Overseas Airlines, followed by Airport Overseas Corporation personnel, operated the military portion of Keflavik Airport after its reversion to Icelandic control at the end of March 1947. A system wide modernization began in 1972. That secrecy led to misunderstandings and even potential breaches of security. [citation needed]. But this was insufficient for the new Defense Force, so additional facilities had to be provided quickly. Have lunch. During 1991 NAVFAC Guam, Mariana Islands closed. The base played a key role in patrolling the GIUK gap, Greenland-Iceland-UK, through which all Soviet long range aircraft or submarines had to pass before entering the Atlantic. The cover explained that data gathered by oceanographic and acoustic surveys with ships could at times be collected "more expeditiously and more economically by means of shore stations. Naval Air Station Keflavik (NASKEF) disestablished September 8, 2006 during a ceremony officially ending its 45 years of operations in support of the defense of Iceland. NAVFAC's were the terminal sites for . 4 0 obj endobj The Keflavk Naval Air Station was built by the US Military during WWII. [1][3][6] The origin of the project name was explained by Dr. Robert Frosch to Senator Stennis during a 1968 hearing. With American air activities greatly reduced in Europe in the immediate postwar months, U.S. flying operations were similarly reduced in preparation for transfer of the base to the Icelandic government at the end of 1946. Mentions of social responsibility decreased by 22% in the aerospace & defense industry in Q3 2022, Whos saying what? [3][4], That group also recommended a system to monitor low-frequency sound in the SOFAR channel using multiple listening sites equipped with hydrophones and a processing facility that could calculate submarine positions over hundreds of miles. A major, long-term research program spanning over 25 years, the Long Range Acoustic Propagation Program (LRAPP), made significant progress in such understanding and influenced decisions in SOSUS, significantly the SOSUS expansion into the eastern Atlantic. 4 to deliver mission-ready infrastructure. Others of the first Atlantic phase followed, and in 1957 the original operational array at Eleuthera got an operational shore facility as the last of the first phase of Atlantic systems. After the dissolution of the Soviet Union, the US began to . The airfield complex, one of the largest in the world during the war, also required upgrading to accommodate modern aircraft. $45.99 + $6.89 shipping. The same year, the Pacific systems began to be installed and activated. The first US troops after WWII were stationed . Bell Telephone Laboratories time delay correlation was used to fix target position with two or more sonobuoys in a technique named COrrelation Detection And Ranging (CODAR). The ROCC remained active until the turnover of the facility in 2006. Join VetFriends To: Reunite with Unit Buddies. It served to ferry personnel, equipment, and supplies to Europe. Join our weekly hand curated newsletter to have all the latest news from Iceland sent to you. [29] The satellite communications ship Kingsport joined the project in 1967 for acoustic and bathymetric work. Naval Ocean Processing Facility (NOPF), Dam Neck, Virginia, in 1980 with Western Atlantic consolidation was the first of the NOPFs to be so named. The major commands stationed on the base were the USAF's 85th Group, Fleet Air Keflavik, the headquarters of the U.S.-provided Iceland Defense Force, Naval Computer and Telecommunications Station (NCTS) Keflavik, U.S. On 15 March 2006, the U.S. NAVFAC KEFLAVIC ICELAND. The contractor had extended one runway, constructed a new passenger terminal and hotel building, one aircraft hangar, a hospital, housing units and other facilities for the staff. SOSUS assignment qualified as important as sea duty on a Cold War front line. Donald, David, "Century Jets USAF Frontline Fighters of the Cold War". The individual arrays were installed primarily on continental slopes and seamounts at the axis of the deep sound channel and normal to the direction in which they were to cover. [3][note 8] Arrays of hydrophones placed around the target area located the missile warhead by means of measuring arrival times of the explosion at the various hydrophones of a SOFAR charge in the test warhead. [15], The system's first station came on line before there was any signature library of Soviet submarine acoustic characteristics while submerged. About this group. I will really miss this place, said Master-at-Arms 1st Class (FMF) John Richardson, who led the Honor Guard during the ceremony. * United States Air Forces units changed from host to tenant status on 1 July 1961, when the U.S. Following talks between British Prime Minister Winston Churchill and President Franklin D. Roosevelt of the United States, Iceland agreed to a tripartite treaty under which United States Marines were to relieve the British garrison in Iceland on the condition that all military forces be withdrawn from Iceland immediately upon the conclusion of the war in Europe. Join Navy Veterans. Over the next four decades, the Defense Force was "at the front" of the Cold War and was credited[by whom?] Realization SOSUS could detect U.S. nuclear submarines led to the Navy's quieting program for those submarines and the assumption returned. During 1996 NAVFAC Keflavik Iceland closes and the new Fixed Distributed System Initial Operational Capability is accomplished. The cited Project HARTWELL report first links arrays with fleet type submarines towing such an array in the GIUK then refers to potential exploitation of the deep sound channel low frequency sounds. If you worked at or supported the Naval Facility on NAS Keflavik, you are. [33] NAVFAC Barbers Point is commissioned. PME-124 and PMW-180 were the program manager's office designations. Changes in Soviet operations, few hostile nuclear submarines at sea and the ending of the Cold War in the 1990s meant the need to maintain IUSS/SOSUS at full capability decreased. The then-secret 1960 Navy film Watch in the Sea describes the production arrays as being 1,800ft (548.6m) long. This site is not connected with any government agency. NATO BASE KEFLAVIK AIRPORT BASE HISTORY. SOSUS shore terminal processing stations were designated with the vague, generic name of Naval Facility (NAVFAC). Mentions of environmental sustainability decreased by 51% in the aerospace, defence & security industry in Q3 2022, Whos saying what? [note 11] Kingsport was still with the project. But what will not change is our friendship and partnership with Iceland.. [27] During that period an atypical SOSUS system was installed in 1959 at Argentia, Newfoundland to provide surveillance for approaches to Hudson Bay. Also present were representatives from Canada, the Netherlands, Norway, and Denmark. In 1954, the order was increased by three more Atlantic stations and an extension into the Pacific, with six stations on the West Coast and one in Hawaii. And the cooperation has been simply outstanding. The US forces replaced the British garrison stationed in . Endicott, Judy G., USAF Active Flying, Space, and Missile Squadrons as of 1 October 1995. The transition was completed by September 30, 2006. The projects, supporting the European Deterrence Initiative, or EDI, implemented by the U.S. European Command, intends to increase the responsiveness and readiness of U.S. Air Forces, NATO member-state forces and allies in Europe., Air University and Maxwell AFB News article display template History The Naval Ocean Processing Facility (NOPF) appears to be a "super NAVFAC" with processing of multiple array data, often by joint allied forces. On 1 June 1992, Air Combat Command (ACC) assumed command and control of AFI and the 57 FIS. Join Your Unit Today. homes for sale by owner in vinton county, ohio; matthew reed obituary; cjfl eligibility rules; alabama symphony orchestra appalachian spring; how to auto sync photos to sound on tiktok USNSZeus(T-ARC-7), the one new cable ship of the requested two, enters the "Caesar fleet" for operations. Bragi's personal project became an exhibition, Iceland Defense Force, that's been widely displayed in Iceland and is now on show in Umbrella Gallery in New York City (317 E 9th St Ste 2, New York, 10003, umbrellaarts.com). In 1964 the project was placed under Industrial Manager, Potomac River Command and then Naval District Washington in 1965. Please send us a line at icelandmag@365.is. Reply to hi. 2 0 obj Have one to sell? NAVFAC Barbers Point closes with acoustic data directed to NOPF, Ford Island. U.S. government agencies have not reviewed this information. On the submarine force side, there was a recurrent idea that SOSUS/IUSS could not detect U.S. submarines despite early SOSUS tracking USS George Washington across the Atlantic in its early days. [22], Cable technology and signal processing improved and upgrades were made to the original installations. If you would like to find more information about benefits offered by the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, please visit the official U.S. government web site for veterans benefits at. In 2017, the United States announced its intention to modify the largest hangar on the Icelandic base in order to house the new Boeing P-8 Poseidon ASW aircraft being introduced. [1][8], The system was considered a strategic, not tactical, system at the time and part of continental defense. Even when they knew they often did not know of its actual performance or exact role. Meanwhile, Project Jezebel and Project Michael focused on studying long range acoustics in the ocean. I spent two years in Keflavik mid-1977 to mid-1979. In 1968, the first detections of Victor and Charlie class Soviet submarines were made, while in 1974 the first Delta-class submarine was observed. NASKEF was closed on 8 September 2006, and its facilities were taken over by the Icelandic Defence Agency as their primary base until 1 January 2011, when the Agency was abolished and the base handed over to the Icelandic Coast Guard, which has since then operated the base. Other ships are mentioned as having "cameo" appearances and the project apparently made use of other Navy survey and civilian cable ships on occasion. It was implemented as a chain of underwater hydrophone arrays linked by cable, based on commercial telephone technology, to shore stations located around the western Atlantic Ocean from Nova Scotia to Barbados. This article incorporates public domain material from the .mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#3a3;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}Air Force Historical Research Agency. The initial array at Eleuthera got a fully functioning NAVFAC with an additional system for the Atlantic at Barbados and the first of the Pacific systems at San Nicolas Island came in 1957. It was named after a young pilot who died in Iceland. Get a vacation. SOSUS then became the major collector of Soviet submarine signatures and "boot strapped" itself to becoming the primary signature library for itself and becoming the major intelligence source for all other Navy acoustic sensor systems. In 1966 the first deployment of a 3 X 16 element array system was terminated at the facility. The forty hydrophones spaced on the array provided the aperture for signal processing to form horizontal azimuthal beams of two to five degrees wide, each beam with a LOFAR analyzer and capability to do narrow-band frequency analysis to discriminate signal from ocean noise and to identify specific frequencies associated with rotating machinery. [19][20] In 1954 ten additional arrays were ordered with three more in the Atlantic, six on the Pacific coast and one in Hawaii. [3] Due to the fact that the SOSUS community departed from the usual Navy cultural routine, with repeat assignments within the small community, women were able to serve in a warfare specialty without shipboard duty that was still being denied. Cable laying was a capability AT&T and other entities had developed for decades for commercial communications cables. The facility at Whidbey, with multiple systems terminating there became Naval Ocean Processing Facility (NOPF) Whidbey. Jurisdiction of the airport was assumed by Military Air Transport Service (MATS). US soldiers first came to Iceland in 1941, before the United States declared war on Germany and Japan, and later constructed the headquarters for their military activity at this barren location on Reykjanes peninsula, about a 40 minutes drive away from the capital. Cold war passive, fixed array undersea surveillance system. In 1951, the U.S. military returned to the airport under a defense agreement between Iceland and the U.S. signed on 5 May 1951.[5]. [10][14] Despite being qualified for a warfare specialty and its symbols, the Navy personnel in the small SOSUS community could not do so for the sake of secrecy until the mission became public in 1991. Mountains. Equipment in the terminal buildings was installed by specially cleared Western Electric Company personnel. The base offered a wide variety of recreational services which included bowling, swimming, gymnasium, theater, social clubs, a Wendy's restaurant, and hobby centers.
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