We use cookies and other technologies on our website. 2023 Illumina, Inc. All rights reserved. Please see our Privacy Policy. Reuters provides business, financial, national and international news to professionals via desktop terminals, the world's media organizations, industry events and directly to consumers. by In April, Illumina won an $8 million verdict against BGI from a jury in Northern California federal court, as well as a permanent injunction. You have to know whats happening with clients, competitors, practice areas, and industries. You may also opt to downgrade to Standard Digital, a robust journalistic offering that fulfils many users needs. But I think whats really more interesting to me are approaches that reduce the COGS. Q. CH Kilger (Berlin): Christian Kilger, Strawman Law360, San Francisco (November 30, 2021, 11:16 PM EST) -- A California federal jury determined Tuesday that four out of five of Illumina 's patents behind its next-generation genome-sequencing . university Cooley (London): Colm Murphy, For Qiagen and as a strawman We use cookies on our website. New Study: China Overtakes US In Competition For Key Emerging Tech, Mexico Issues Highest-Ever Gun-Jumping Penalty. The European Patent Office has destroyed several patents belonging to Illumina, a US manufacturer of genetic engineering equipment. If its appeal is unsuccessful, Illumina could be required to pay an ongoing royalty until the patents expire in 2029, the company said in a filing with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. BGI Group, a genome sequencing company based in China, on Monday escalated its global intellectual property fight with rival Illumina Inc by filing a U.S. patent case against the California-based . 2020 preliminary results: Illumina said it finished last year with about $4.517 billion in revenue, up 39% from 2020, including about $1.19 billion in fourth-quarter revenue, up 25% over. This information helps us to understand how our visitors use our website. 287(a) for the following products: Infrastructure Illumina have a number of polymerase patents. Complete Genomics is represented by Young Conaway Stargatt & Taylor LLP and Quinn Emanuel. offers FT membership to read for free. Each company sought a reasonable royalty for the alleged infringement of its patents by certain features of the accused products. Probability of choosing at least one target, Ubuntu 20.04 Fujitsu FAREHT1 Mouse/Touch Screen Fixes, Beckman DU530 Spectrophotometer CFL Spectra, Beckman DU530 Photospectrometer (Hach DR4000?) A Delaware federal jury decided Friday that Illumina willfully infringed two Complete Genomics Inc. DNA sequencing patents and should pay $334 million in damages, while also invalidating three . The patents in that case expire in August 2022 and January 2023. We do not anticipate that this decision will affect our ability to supply and service our customers.. Please umount/remount instead, LTC1859 8 Channel, 100KSPS +/- 10V 16bit ADC Arduino Shield layout, AD5791 20Bit DAC Evaluation board with Arduino, LTC1859CG Evaluation board with an Arduino, Cheap Z-stage (SELN LZ-60 Shengling Precise Machinery CO. Ltd), Fractal Slippy Map in golang and LeafletJS, Serving server generated PNGs over HTTP in golang, Kindlegen, W14001: Hyperlink not resolved errors, hp t5325 thin client information and manuals, HY-DIV268N-5A Stepper driver with Arduino, Most common git screwups/questions and solutions, Select random line from a file in a single pass, Serving gziped connect via HTTP in golang, USRP1 simple data capture in C++ example (UHD), Some simple Arduino code to read from a keypad, Using the Arduino tools from the Linux command line, Simple JS->DNS Proxy with golang server side, MSP430Watch2 Barometer and Wifi (PCB Design), Creating an SVG in Javascript using FabricJS and downloading it locally, Creating an SVG in Javascript, trivial example, Kicad Gerber renaming script for OSHPark (and seeed etc) submission, Anritsu MT8815b Radio Communication Analyzer Notes, esp8266 writing to internal flash (basic key/value store), Accepting incoming tcp connections on the esp8266 (trivial example), A standalone sscanf implementation (for the esp8266), Installing Nagios on Debian Jessie and SNMP (UPS) monitoring, Posting to the Safecast API from the esp8266, esp8266 client mode (connect to remote host) simple example, Gorilla Websockets, golang simple websockets example, Getting to awa-kamogawa from Tokyo by train, Emscripten calling JS from C and returning by reference (pointer), Calling JS from C using EM_ASM in Emscripten, Compiling OpenSSL and libssh2 with emscripten notes, Sony/Tektronix 3066 DC-3GHz Realtime spectrum analyzer, Astable multivibrator RGB flasher PCB design, A Common Emitter Hartley Oscillator Notes, Logitec LBT-VRU01 (bluetooth LE iPhone locator? Illumina innovative sequencing and array technologies are fueling groundbreaking advancements in life science research, translational and consumer genomics, and molecular diagnostics. The European patent attorney also regularly files patents for the US company at theEPO. Law360 provides the intelligence you need to remain an expert and beat the competition. By Hannah Albarazi (November 19, 2021, 10:09 PM EST) -- A California federal jury heard testimony Friday from gene sequencing company Illumina's expert witness that 10 judges who previously upheld Illumina's patents behind its next-generation technology "got it right," one day after Chinese-owned DNA sequencing company Complete Genomics offered expert testimony that Illumina's patents are invalid as obvious. U.S. District Court for the Northern District of California, Access to case data within articles (numbers, filings, courts, nature of suit, and more. The two patents cover technology fornext generation sequencing and were revoked due to formal errors. Not for use in diagnostic procedures (except as specifically noted). You can still enjoy your subscription until the end of your current billing period. "BGI has brazenly copied Illumina's proprietary sequencing chemistry. 7,541,444 (the '444 Patent) and U.S. Patent No. BGI Group is the corporate parent of both MGI, Complete Genomics owner, and of BGI Genomics. Build the strongest argument relying on authoritative content, attorney-editor expertise, and industry defining technology. According to an exhibitfiled with the complaint, Illumina said a BioRxivpreprintposted Feb. 20 proved CoolMPS technology infringed the '973 patent. The nearly $1 million Novaseq 6000 is expected to one day unlock the $100 genome. In July 2019, Illumina filed counterclaims alleging certain models of the BGISEQ and MGISEQ genetic sequencing instruments infringe three Illumina patents. Host: https://www.illumina.com | Save Refuse. The jury also said Illumina infringed the patents willfully, and that three patents it had accused BGI's Complete Genomics unit of infringing were invalid. Mathys & Squire (London): Philippa Griffin, Strawman Get ready for your week with the weeks top business stories from San Diego and California, in your inbox Monday mornings. Want more news? It also targeted Illuminas library preparation kits and cluster generation and sequencing kits compatible with one or more of the systems, according to court papers. An Illumina spokesperson said the company disagrees with the verdict and plans to appeal. Griffins clients include New England Biolabs and the Ecole Polytechnique Fdrale De Lausanne (EPFL). _hjClosedSurveyInvites, _hjDonePolls, _hjMinimizedPolls, _hjDoneTestersWidgets, _hjIncludedInSample, _hjShownFeedbackMessage, _hjid, _hjRecordingLastActivity, hjTLDTest, _hjUserAttributesHash, _hjCachedUserAttributes, _hjLocalStorageTest, _hjptid, Meta Platforms Ireland Limited, 4 Grand Canal Square, Dublin 2, Ireland, Openstreetmap Foundation, St Johns Innovation Centre, Cowley Road, Cambridge CB4 0WS, United Kingdom, _osm_location, _osm_session, _osm_totp_token, _osm_welcome, _pk_id., _pk_ref., _pk_ses., qos_token, Twitter International Company, One Cumberland Place, Fenian Street, Dublin 2, D02 AX07, Ireland, __widgetsettings, local_storage_support_test, Vimeo Inc., 555 West 18th Street, New York, New York 10011, USA. The industry leader for online information for tax, accounting and finance professionals. SAN DIEGO-- (BUSINESS WIRE)-- Illumina, Inc. (NASDAQ: ILMN) today announced that the High Court of Justice, Chancery Division, Patents Court, issued a judgment in its favor in the patent infringement suit filed against the BGI Companies, MGI Tech Co. Ltd; Latvia MGI SIA; MGI International Sales Co., Ltd; and BGI Complete Genomics Hong Kong Co., personalising content and ads, providing social media features and to Cookie by Google used for website analytics. The purchase of this product does not convey a license under any claims in the foregoing patents or patent applications direct to producing the product. %PDF-1.5 % As of right now, it seems that Illumina's original cluster generation IP has expired (from Manteia) has expired. The case centers on 2019 lawsuit filed by Complete Genomics a U.S. subsidiary of Chinese genomics company BGI Group. Essential cookies enable basic functions and are necessary for the proper function of the website. Illumina has sought to stay ahead by expanding its portfolio of sequencers. The jury's verdict follows the decision of Judge William Orrick, in the same case, to award Illumina summary judgment on claims of infringement by BGI's StandardMPS and CoolMPS products. Try full digital access and see why over 1 million readers subscribe to the FT, Purchase a Trial subscription for $1 for 4 weeks, You will be billed $69 per month after the trial ends, Russian far-right fighter claims border stunt exposes Putins weakness, Something is boiling: Turkish football fans tackle Erdoan, Three-day weekends and more time for love: Chinas elite dream up policies for Xi, Germany and Italy stall EU ban on combustion engines, Feds Daly says US rates likely to be higher for longer, Saudi owner of Londons most expensive house sued over alleged unpaid private jet bills, Why the Jeffrey Epstein scandal continues to haunt JPMorgan and Barclays, US electric vehicle batteries poised for new lithium iron age. The companies have a history of heated courtroom clashes. This is Not an Article on Data Protection and Competition Law. Of course there are other approaches on the market or in development. Screen for heightened risk individual and entities globally to help uncover hidden risks in business relationships and human networks. 10,480,025, titled "Labelled nucleotides"while . Filed under Sequencing Business News Asia/Oceania lawsuit North America I have equity in a few sequencing companies based on my previous employment (I try to be unbiased in my posts). Judge William H. Orricks March 27 order in the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of California resolved a spate of issues in two suits between the rivals, including by its denial of BGIs bid for a new trial. This means that every time you visit this website you will need to enable or disable cookies again. Illumina's shares dropped sharply following the verdict but have rebounded somewhat since. The BGI unit said Illuminas customers infringe the patent, which Bloomberg Law estimates will expire in January 2029, when they use certain systems in combination with its recommended sample preparation and sequencing kits. 66 bus rattles just like a regular diesel bus on Chicagos west side, but no one seems to notice the high-pitched whine of the electric motor that makes it go, Privacy PolicyTerms of ServiceSign Up For Our NewslettersSite Map, Copyright 2023, The San Diego Union-Tribune |, Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information, San Diegos Silvergate warns of more losses, viability of its business after crypto crisis, Carlsbads Viasat gets the green light for $7B Inmarsat deal as competition heats up in space, 6 Android smartphone makers eye Qualcomms Snapdragon Satellite to keep devices connected off the grid, San Diego online estate planning startup Trust & Will pulls in $15M in tough market for fundraising, Carlsbads Viasat inks deal with power utility in Mexico to bring Wi-Fi to hard-to-reach towns, Pfizer shedding more than 100 jobs at its San Diego research and development center, Biden expected to tighten rules on US investment in China, Scout Motors picks South Carolina for new $2B EV plant, Pot vote has Oklahoma hungry to rake in green from Texas, HOA Homefront HOAs have election questions, In Britain, warm hubs emerge to beat soaring energy costs, In Chicago, adapting electric buses to winters challenges. IP addresses), for example for personalized ads and content or ad and content measurement. 7, 771,973, titled "modified nucleotides" will expire in August 2022. If youd like to retain your premium access and save 20%, you can opt to pay annually at the end of the trial. But in May, a Delaware jury decided that Illumina owes Complete Genomics more than $333 million for infringing on two patents, court documents state. New configurations will bring longer read capabilities with more output for immune repertoire, shotgun metagenomics and more, Discover novel trait and disease associations with optimized tag SNPs and functional exonic content at an attractive price, DRAGEN v4.0 release enables machine learning by default, providing increased accuracy out of the box, Our instrument performance service helps reduce unplanned downtime and minimize instrument requalification, Robust methylation profiling microarray with extensive coverage of CpG islands, genes, and enhancers, Two DRAGENs help Cardio-CARE slay one petabyte of data to better understand heart disease in Hamburg, Together, were finding answers to lifes biggest questions and broadening the positive impact of genomics around the world, Get instructions for using Illumina DRAGEN Bio-IT Platform v4.0, Enable comprehensive genomic profiling with accurate and comprehensive homologous recombination deficiency assessment, Save on the Ribo-Zero Plus Microbiome rRNA Depletion Kit, restrictions apply, A multi-species, low-cost, genome-wide genotyping platform to support molecular breeding in small grains, A comprehensive, easy-to-implement, and versatile genomic analysis tool set for translational researchers, The NovaSeq 6000Dx is our first IVD-compliant high-throughput sequencing instrument for the clinical lab. So the cluster and nucleotide IP are really the key to producing an Illumina-style DNA sequencer. The listed products and their use are the subject of US Patent Nos. by Reuters, the news and media division of Thomson Reuters, is the worlds largest multimedia news provider, reaching billions of people worldwide every day. 10,480,025 (the '025 Patent) asserted against BGI in the suit, which are directed to blocked travels to Asia to strengthen business ties, How major US stock indexes fared Friday 3/3/2023, VMware, Broadcom rise; Marvell, Bumble fall. Pushing into other sequencing approaches (PacBio) and downstream into applications (GRAIL). endstream endobj startxref Illumina, or (ii) any expiration date or the end of the shelf-life pre-printed on the consumable, but in either event, no later than 12 months from the date of shipment. Law360 may contact you in your professional capacity with information about our other products, services and events that we believe may be of interest.Youll be able to update your communication preferences via the unsubscribe link provided within our communications.We take your privacy seriously. Previously, Illumina said that US Patent No. The Illumina In-Licensed Patents as of the Effective Date are set forth on Annex II, provided that on and after the Effective Date, the Patents set forth on Annex IV (in-licensed by Sequenom from CUHK) shall be deemed added to Annex II, and Annex IV shall be deemed to no longer include any Patents. An attorney for Complete Genomics said the company was pleased with the award, which the judge could multiply based the jury's finding of willful infringement. Tesla recalls 3,470 Model Y vehicles over loose bolts, Exclusive: Nvidia's plans for sales to Huawei imperiled if U.S. tightens Huawei curbs-draft, Reporting by Blake Brittain in Washington; additional reporting by Raghavi Kasa; Editing by David Gregorio and Diane Craft, Mexico can't match U.S. incentives for proposed Tesla battery plant, minister says, Taiwan's TSMC to recruit 6,000 engineers in 2023, Twitter's revenue, adjusted earnings drop about 40% in December - WSJ, Exclusive news, data and analytics for financial market professionals. One is estimated to expire in December 2025, another in January 2026the jury found BGIs products infringe those twoand a third in February 2026. Illuminas shares dropped sharply following the verdict but have rebounded somewhat since. May 6 (Reuters) - A Delaware jury on Friday ordered Illumina Inc (ILMN.O) to pay more than $333 million to a U.S. unit of Chinese genomics company BGI Group after finding that Illumina's DNA-sequencing systems infringed two patents. hb```v eah`hje0sDt'j;:*:::$ np4p&~P%CH@| .Hibe`1Fq10f@$` !1 You can revoke or adjust your selection at any time under Settings. The Biden administration is close to tightening rules on some overseas investments by American companies, A Volkswagen Group-backed automotive company announced plans this week to open a $2 billion electric truck and SUV manufacturing plant just outside of Columbia, South Carolina, Oklahoma voters are deciding whether to legalize marijuana sales for those 21 and older. Some was asking on Twitter about the effect of Illuminas IP expiring on the sequencing industry. IP addresses), for example for personalized ads and content or ad and content measurement. So if youd be interest in investing in (or codeveloping) such a platform, get in touch. and other data for a number of reasons, such as keeping FT Sites reliable and secure, Illumina's patent portfolio reflects the incredible innovation of Illumina's employees and the investment of hundreds of millions of dollars that Illumina spends annually on research and . | Premium Digital includes access to our premier business column, Lex, as well as 15 curated newsletters covering key business themes with original, in-depth reporting. 287 (a) for the following products: Last Updated: 2022-06-23 The reversible terminator IP has not they're currently using this IP to block the sale of some MGI instruments. BGI countersuedmonths later. As always there are niches to play in (base modifications, long reads etc.) The license is limited to Illumina's current technology used for massively parallel sequencing in . Illumina MiSeq Dx Cystic Fibrosis Assays, TruSeq Stranded total RNA Sample Prep Kits, BaseSpace Cohort Analyzer Related Products, BaseSpace Variant Interpreter Related Products, BaseSpace Correlation Engine Related Products. Illumina is represented by Ashby & Geddes PA and Weil, Gotshal & Manges LLP. As I understand it with that IP alone you could make something that looks very much like a genome analyzer 2. You can find more information about the use of your data in our privacy policy. They do this by tracking visitors across websites. This broadening of the market sucks for Illumina. See here for a complete list of exchanges and delays. Illumina virtual patent marking The following Illumina products may be covered by one or more patents as indicated below Notice is hereby provided under 35 U.S.C. The DNA sequencing patents are interesting for competitors such as MGI and the BGI Group, which are also in the . The costs of this technology have fallen sharply in recent years. Im not a patent lawyer, so you should consider that when evaluating my thoughts. But my understanding is that the 9N (9 degrees North) and related polymerases incorporate modified nucleotides pretty well. Change the plan you will roll onto at any time during your trial by visiting the Settings & Account section. DNA Sequencing is Universal Sensing, Mitutoyo Digimatic 500-133U CDL-6B Battery Cover Model, NEC Teledata Terminal Shop Register (TD7), Motorboard Easydriver/Arduino/PKE243DA interface r1, Veeco Nanoscope V Multimode AFM First Imaging Tests, Axopatch 200A with micropipette first tests, Playing with a micropipette puller (Sutter P-97), Couldnt remount RDWR because of unprocessed orphan inode list. So one option they have is to push pricing as low as they can and have slightly better data quality (lets say, maxing out read length at 300bp as opposed to competitors being at ~100bp and having 90% >Q30 versus say 70%). and its possible those markets might grow. But they probably wont be the only player to take this approach. So I expect Illumina to maintain a quality advantage. original cluster generation IP has expired (from Manteia) has expired. In addition, although Complete Genomics may seek an injunction, we do not believe there is a reasonable basis for the court to grant one, said Illumina in the filing. In 2010, Illumina filed a complaint in California against Complete Genomics, an MGI subsidiary, alleging that the company infringed on three of its DNA sequencing patents with the latter companys Complete Genomics Analysis Platform. In response, Complete Genomics asserted that Illumina had attempted to achieve monopoly power in genome sequencing technology.. Personal data may be processed (e.g. Illumina has won a patent infringement suit in the UK against defendant MGI over DNA sequencing technology. For specific trademark information, see www.illumina.com/company/legal.html. Click here to login, 2023, Portfolio Media, Inc. | About | Contact Us | Legal Jobs | Advertise with Law360 | Careers at Law360 | Terms | Privacy Policy | Cookie Settings | Help | Site Map, Enter your details below and select your area(s) of interest to stay ahead of the curve and receive Law360's daily newsletters, Email (NOTE: Free email domains not supported). We use cookies and other technologies on our website. And I suspect companies like Element are working on something similar. 19-cv-970, verdict issued 5/6/22. hbbd```b`` Google Ireland Limited, Gordon House, Barrow Street, Dublin 4, Ireland. Here you will find an overview of all cookies used. So I dont expect some huge shake up here. Overall, several patent disputes relating to Illuminas DNA sequencing technique are still pending at the EPO. Illumina Pays To Settle Years-Long Patent Battles, Investors Withdraw $6B From Binance Amid Crypto Regulation, Meta Offers New Options For Researchers Working In Artificial Intelligence, Microsoft, Activision Deal Review Extended By The European Commission, Microsoft Drastically Scales Back Metaverse Project, Focuses On AI, Bill That Aims To Block TikTok Approved By US House Panel, EU: Google promotes rivals to stave off antitrust action. We use cookies on our website. Illumina's '973 patent is expected to expire in 2023 and the '444 patent in 2024. Theyre iterated over the original IP pretty well and have a number of other advantages over new players specifically: This is all technology was developed for Hiseqs and later instruments. Hotjar Ltd., Dragonara Business Centre, 5th Floor, Dragonara Road, Paceville St Julian's STJ 3141 Malta. ), Create custom alerts for specific article and case topics and, I took a free trial but didn't get a verification email. The latest of these patents is due to expire in 2024. Orrick denied Illumina's motions for attorneys' fees and enhanced damages but upheld a finding of willful infringement and awarded Illumina prejudgment interest at the prime lending rate, compounded quarterly. In a later Delaware case, Complete Genomics accused Illumina of infringing on its own patents with two-channel sequencing systems, kits to prepare DNA fragments for sequencing and kits to immobilize, amplify and sequence fragments. At Illumina, our goal is to apply innovative technologies to the analysis of genetic variation and function, making studies possible that were not even imaginable just a few years ago. Reach him at blake.brittain@thomsonreuters.com. Analysis, Biological Data & Pipeline Setup, Sequencing Data You can find more information about the use of your data in our privacy policy. Illumina contends the verdict is not supported by the evidence presented at trial. Back in November, a federal jury ruled that four of Illuminas five patents in the California case were valid, awarding it $8 million, according to a Law360 report. organisation Saves the visitors preferences selected in the Cookie Box of Borlabs Cookie. Illumina previously won $8 million from BGI in a jury verdict in San Francisco and a ban on U.S. sales of some BGI products. For a full comparison of Standard and Premium Digital, click here. PLEASE NOTE: A verification email will be sent to your address before you can access your trial. For the global patent community. Systems and methods for biochemical analysis including a base instrument and a removable cartridge, Methods and compositions for whole genome amplification and genotyping, BASE CALLING USING THREE-DIMENTIONAL (3D) CONVOLUTION, DEEP LEARNING-BASED SPLICE SITE CLASSIFICATION, Compositions for use in polynucleotide sequencing, LAMINATE FLUIDIC CIRCUIT FOR A FLUID CARTRIDGE, DEEP NEURAL NETWORK-BASED VARIANT PATHOGENICITY PREDICTION, POLYMERASES, COMPOSITIONS, AND METHODS OF USE, Charge-tagged nucleotides and methods of use thereof, Photonic structure-based devices and compositions for use in luminescent imaging of multiple sites within a pixel, and methods of using the same, Flowcell cartridge with floating seal bracket, SEMICONDUCTOR-BASED BIOSENSORS FOR BASE CALLING, BASE CALLING USING MULTIPLE BASE CALLER MODELS, DEEP LEARNING-BASED USE OF PROTEIN CONTACT MAPS FOR VARIANT PATHOGENICITY PREDICTION, TRANSFER LEARNING-BASED USE OF PROTEIN CONTACT MAPS FOR VARIANT PATHOGENICITY PREDICTION, QUALITY SCORE CALIBRATION OF BASECALLING SYSTEMS. David Bilsker, a lawyer from Quinn Emanuel Urquhart & Sullivan LLP who represented Complete Genomics, said the jurys findings shows the strength of Rade Drmanacs inventions. Cookie information is stored in your browser and performs functions such as recognising you when you return to our website and helping our team to understand which sections of the website you find most interesting and useful. Hoffmann Eitle (Munich): Leo Polz. (Updates May 6 story with comment from MGI in seventh paragraph and adds additional details throughout on BGI's corporate structure. In addition, the EPO revoked patents EP 2 338 893 and EP 1 451 351 B1from a patent family for labelled nucleotides. Compare Standard and Premium Digital here. As a global company that places high value on collaborative interactions, rapid delivery of solutions, and providing the highest level of quality, we strive to meet this challenge. Illumina was represented by Colm Murphy, London partner of US law firm Cooley. The listed products and their use are the subject of the following US Patent Nos. IP addresses), for example for personalized ads and content or ad and content measurement. With these players appearing, with a similar data quality, and a similar error profile, I expect that many users will be able to switch platforms if they want. European patent attorney Philippa Griffin of Mathys & Squire appeared as a strawman in the appeal hearing. Cookie by Google used to control advanced script and event handling. Browse an unrivalled portfolio of real-time and historical market data and insights from worldwide sources and experts. It has the same estimated expiration as the first patent. This latest settlement should put an end to the storm of lawsuits at least for a while. Then theyll let other players take the low end of the market and try and keep the high end where margins are higher (and users are willing to pay for slightly better data quality). If you are under 16 and wish to give consent to optional services, you must ask your legal guardians for permission. The listed products and their use are the subject of the following US Patent Nos. Illumina's stock was down more than 14% Friday following the verdict. In the legal profession, information is the key to success. Please see our Privacy Policy. But it will be short lived. ), NPN Common Collector, Colpitts oscillator notes, NPN BJT Common emitter inverting amplifier, Simple example of SDL in Emscripten (generating graphics from C), Phase Shift Oscillator High Pass configuration, Astable multivibrator oscillator and a little oscillator history, Driving a tiny stepper on an Arduino (without a driver! The buyer cannot sell or otherwise transfer this product or its components to a third party or otherwise use the product for the following COMMERCIAL PURPOSES: (I) use of the product or its components in manufacturing; or (2) use of the product or its components for therapeutic or prophylactic purposes in humans or animals.
