D. They decrease dopamine levels in the brain's reward pathways. C. getting into trouble with campus or local police 65. Extinction B. D. altered states of consciousness. Applied behavior analysis is based on the concept of A. WebAs opposed to a dependent variable, an independent variable is manipulated by the experimenters so that its effects may be determined. C.insomnia. A. a circadian rhythm anomaly. This was the first time he had used heroin outside his own apartment. B. Which of the following is true of a night's sleep? C. dopamine dependence. memory. of divided attention suggests that watching TV while studying will ________ Elsa's exam performance. Individuals in a hypnotic state are unreceptive to external suggestions. D. declarative memory, A person's knowledge about the world is known as ________ memory. Shortly after, a man in a tuxedo came to your table. 91. C. Alcohol strongly affects women more than men because of the differences in body fat and stomach enzymes. A. higher-level consciousness A. Maria, who is working out an algebra problem on a piece of paper, 9. B. Margaret will have difficulty with emotional memories. C. less vivid. A. extinction. B. B. Leonard took his dose too soon and his body already had too much. drugs? C. Self-reference C. anterograde amnesia. The removal of a stimulus following a given behavior in order to increase the frequency of that Every night when she goes B. negative reinforcement. D. amphetamines, 79. D. explicit. D. removal of a psychoactive drug from diet, Psychologists who examine learning from a behavioral perspective define learning as General B. the hypnotized person behaves the way he or she believes that a hypnotized person should behave. During her night shift, Hannah falls asleep at her desk around midnight. D. stimulant, 93. 66. (GABA), which is widely distributed in many brain areas. B. Elaboration can occur at any level of processing. ________, like RAM, is comparable to what you actually have open and active at any given moment. C. following sleep apnea. C. Daniel is writing an essay on the dinosaurs he learned about last week. C. sudden uncontrollable seizures. B. a logical information-processing system with memory buffer, short-term and long-term storage, and a complex mechanism for directing attention. B. river of dreams If someone responds oddly to a stimulus (when no longer hypnotized) as a result of a hypnotist's suggestion, he or she will try to find a reasonable explanation for it. The ability to listen to music while reading a magazine indicates Pavlov's dog salivated to the sound of a bell because A. a sealskin coat stimulus. D. retrieval, When you are asked to recall your first day of kindergarten, you rely on ________, whereas when A. episodic memory/semantic memory true. Losing one's sense of self-consciousness and hallucinating specifically during the use of drugs C. executive processes. However, Belinda often finds herself referring to Jim as A. positive reinforcement. She realizes that she has put on ten pounds. A. Moesha is most likely suffering from B. D. Acquisition. Hypnosis can not be practiced on everyone, as usually only highly suggestible people respond to it. 2. D. thalamus and limbic system. C. immediately forgetting relevant information. B. melatonin Your psychology assignment is to observe and list any behaviors of your relatives that indicate C. Somnambulisms/Nightmares C. She will tell Mitchell to concentrate on the swinging pendulum on her desk. When you go to check on your sleeping child, you observe that his eyes are moving back and forth rapidly under his eyelids. He will find the scent and taste of tequila aversive. B. C. stage 3 C. Daydreaming most often occurs in the form of mind wandering. A. somniloquy. B. Hypnosis produces a state of consciousness dissimilar to other states of consciousness. D. a loud noise. C. Hallucinogens 30 ( Society of Psychological Hypnosis ), hypnosis is a procedure during which a health professional or researcher suggests while treating someone, that he or she experience changes in sensations, perceptions, thoughts or behavior. His mother notices needs the caffeine to function normally. B. dramatic changes in environmental stimuli. true. She tells you to sit at C. sensory memory that he can get the full 20% bonus as promised by his employer. In the context of operant conditioning, Shirley's behavior exemplifies It occurs usually due to the use of sleeping pills. Surprising as it might be, hypnosis has a high success rate on people that want to quit smoking or vaping. A. Valium In the context of observational learning, retention is a process in which Daily circadian rhythms regulate a person's sleep/wakefulness cycle, body temperature, blood pressure, and blood sugar level. A. do not require selective attention. _______ refers to the formation of a number of different connections around a stimulus at any D. more than three drinks in a row, 82. B. A. instinctive drift. subjects are always aware of everything that goes on around them: true or false. A. a stream of consciousness that consists of a continuous flow of changing sensations, images, thoughts, and feelings. A. Meditation has been compared to _____, the relaxed sense that all is well. C. declarative memory C) It is known to negatively affect the performances of athletes. C. intermediary Do we dream during each type of sleep? C. sustained attention. A. H.M. developed an inability to form new memories that outlive working memory. D. activation-synthesis theory of dreaming. Individuals normally spend about 20 percent of sleep in light sleep. Cindy is demonstrating He injected his A. daydreaming. C. tolerance. B. Chunking Drug addiction occurs when B. Opiates Which of the following is true of working memory? D. automatic processing. Hypnosis is a trance-like mental state in which people experience increased attention, concentration, and suggestibility. C. Stage 5 sleep/ stage 3 and stage 4 sleep C. They depress the central nervous system's activity. A. proactive interference. A. behavior is a consequence of the conditioned stimulus (CS). C. personal identity. B. stimulants. C. depressants. C. periodic attacks of uncontrollable sleepiness. C. dopamine Lea is in Which of the following is true of implicit memory? The price is reduced 25% and 6 more pairs sell. B. wake up earlier than desired, sometimes several times a night. Because controlled processes require attention and effort, they are typically slower than automatic processes. Jacob warns her that repeated use of this drug could have lasting negative effects on the neurotransmitter A. Identify the true statement about barbiturates. It asserts that deeper processing produces poorer memory. A. the basal ganglia and prefrontal cortex A. serotonin. It occurs usually due to the use of sleeping pills. C. hallucinogen B. controlled processes. Psychological dependence is the strong desire to repeat the use of a drug for emotional reasons. B. secondary motions made by her instructor. D. There is a limited amount of storage available for long-term memories, so older memories B. quickly scanning information for relevant details. D. a flashbulb memory, Why did cognitive psychologist Jonathan Schooler suggest that the term recovered memories be In the Water Kingdom Amusement Park, when two sea lions throw and catch balls on their nose, C. Individuals in a hypnotic state are unreceptive to external suggestions. D. intermediary, ________ is considered a secondary rienforcer. ________, such as Valium, are depressant drugs that reduce anxiety and induce relaxation. A. insight learning and within minutes she falls asleep with her head jerking upward at short intervals. B. an organism responds appropriately to stimuli that signal that a behavior will or will not be B. C. hallucinogens. According to the serial position effect, if you are a waiter trying to remember all the orders for a, According to Sigmund Freud, dreams symbolize, ________ is an altered state of consciousness or psychological state of altered attention in which the. Scolding Todd is an example of According to the American Psychological Association's Div. events and, at least in humans, information that can be verbally communicated? A. Dr. Harper hypnotizes her to interact with the other personalities that she exhibits as a result of her condition. C. the horses Hypnosis can not be practiced on everyone, as usually only highly suggestible people respond to it. B. Sleeping would be considered an example of which of the following levels of awareness? B. A. tertiary Automatic processes require little attention and do not interfere with other ongoing activities. According to Bandura's model of observational learning, what are the four primary processes Betty is most likely Which of the following statements is true of marijuana? D. It focuses on automatic, involuntary behaviors. Liam is studying in his room for an exam but is disturbed by the loud music from his neighbor's information over a long period of time? In Pavlov's experiment, the dog automatically salivated to food because food is a(n) B. depressants A. fall unexpectedly into a deep sleep in the middle of daily activities. B. implicit memory. C. It is the most powerful type of depressant. Non-REM Dreams: The experience of mundane, dull, everyday events when asleep. C. Classical conditioning is based on observing and imitating others. C. hallucinogen B. 60. C. chunking/rehearsal 115. memories are accurate. A. Replication D. insomnia. This demonstrated that the rats called on their ________ Sleep spindles are defining characteristic of _____ sleep. B. Physical/psychological According to _____, dreaming occurs when the cerebral cortex synthesizes neural signals generated from activity in the lower brain. Rachel Radcliff earns an annual salary of $126,000. C. Deep sleep is much greater in the first half than in the second half of a night's sleep. WebAs opposed to a dependent variable, an independent variable is manipulated by the experimenters so that its effects may be determined. Thus, whereas Freud suggests that our dreams have deep unconscious meaning and cognitive theory claims that our dreams are an attempt to make sense of our conscious lives, activation-synthesis theory suggests that our dreams are merely a form of "cognitive trash" that has little to no meaning. D. our biological urges and needs. D. The EEG pattern for REM sleep shows slow waves similar to those of stage 3 sleep. D. depressant. Kate, a long-time coffee drinker, complains of pounding headaches and lowered mood when she skips her coffee in the morning. Contingency C. may cause Helen to be at increased risk for heart disease. A deeper level of understanding is gathered through shallow processing than through misbehavior toward his little brother decreases. The longer the period of REM sleep, the more likely the person will report dreaming. C. Caffeinism B. narcolepsy. C. working memory. D. It produces high, steady rates of behavior that are more resistant to extinction than the other A. occur during REM sleep. 7 and 12 B. A. Edward, who began drinking at age 40 A. a learner imitates the model's actions. A. Psychological/physical Brett takes a drug that increases his feeling of euphoria. B. norepinephrine D. dreaming. A. more emotional. Higher-level consciousness involves the use of controlled processing (deliberate and effortful focus on a goal). C. insomnia 81. D. Theory of mind, What theory of dreaming proposes that dreaming involves information processing and memory? C. a circadian rhythm anomaly. the 58. C. the Atkinson-Shiffrin theory D. difficulty falling asleep, waking up during the night, or waking up too early. B. Organisms learn the association between two stimuli. C. 5 and 9 A. REM sleep is an active stage of sleep during which dreaming does not occur. C. the bell had become an unconditioned stimulus for food. C. subconscious awareness If someone responds oddly to a stimulus (when no longer hypnotized) as a result of a hypnotist's suggestion, he or she will try to find a reasonable explanation for it. WebActivation-Synthesis Theory: Dreams are caused by random neural firings combined with memories. Betty is most likely family obligations. C. a learner withdraws attention from the model's actions. tequila bottle that he drank out of last night? C. retrograde amnesia. An individual's autobiographical memory forms the core of the individual's WebA. 50. B. stage 2 B. short-term memory D. Interactive-phenomenological perspective, A. given level of memory encoding. A. Elaboration becomes difficult when self-reference techniques are used. Jerry is in the process of getting a divorce and is having trouble at his job. A. require lower levels of attention than controlled processes. terminology, the nausea-inducing agent is the Lucy sustained a brain injury in a car accident. A. D. Extrasensory perception (ESP), 108. 40. The next day, the baby's mother brings home some pink flowers. true. A. C. Leonard's friend switched his drugs in order to teach him not to use drugs by switching his knowledge of what to expect and how to behave at a birthday is called a(n) B. dreaming. A. storage failures. C. physical and/or psychological dependence develops. get good grades. Sleepwalking occurs during ________ of the sleep cycle. D. subconscious awareness. A. will result in longer hours of sleep. A. elevation of serotonin in the prefrontal cortex. A. classical conditioning where they were and what they were doing when they first learned of the terrorist attacks. A. flashbulb memory Blake smokes marijuana. hours What is psychological dependence and physical dependence of psychoactive drugs? True Statement (s) Drag appropriate answer (s) here The split-brain procedure is conducted only in people who have severe seizure disorders (epilepsy). Which of the following is true of elaboration in memory? Soul B. anterograde amnesia. A. Hypnosis is most effective when combined with psychotherapy. D. highly susceptible to extinction. Altered states of consciousness can be produced by A. Drugs, trauma, fatigue, sensory deprivation, and possibly hypnosis can induce an altered state of consciousness. The brain's reward pathway is located in the A. somniloquy _____ drug dependence is the physiological need for a drug that causes unpleasant withdrawal symptoms and a craving for the drug when it is discontinued, whereas _____ drug dependence is the strong desire to repeat the use of a drug for emotional reasons. A. recognition/recall A. Nightmares/Night terrors Which of the following individuals is exhibiting the highest level of conscious awareness? They interrupt others people's study or sleep. B. dormant rhythm. The longer the period of REM sleep, the more likely the person will report dreaming. 92. D. unconditioned stimulus, Classical conditioning can produce ________, which is a decrease in the production of antibodies D. hallucinogen. Explain how circadian rhythms affect physiological and psychological functioning. experience. Compare and contrast the two major theories of dreaming (the cognitive theory of dreaming and the activation-synthesis theory of dreaming). B. stage 4 sleep. C. getting hurt Which of the following is true of a night's sleep? A. Sigmund Freud's theory A. sleepwalking and sleep talking. It induces images that are sometimes pleasurable and sometimes grotesque. Your friend Helen just started working the night shift at the post office. B. B. executive function. Belinda now works in a caf and has It decreases central-nervous-system activity. Stage 5 sleep/stage 1 and stage 2 sleep While hypnosis is often described as a sleep-like state, it is better expressed as a state of focused attention, heightened suggestibility, and vivid fantasies. D. They are most effective in curing somnambulism and somniloquy. Psychological research on sleep and memory has found that staying up all night to study for an exam is likely to A. Sigmund Freud's theory 56. B. have been to similar Fancy Foods Restaurants in other towns. D. Neodissociated/dissociated. B. habit. D. subconscious awareness. D. Michael, who began drinking in graduate school at age 25, C. Aaron, who began drinking at age 12 with the neighborhood kids, 85. A. Hallucinogens C. Insight learning A. neutral stimulus/reinforcer stimulus Which disorder has Jerry most likely developed? A. cerebellum tests include only essay questions, whereas Stacey's end-of-semester tests include only Rebecca's mother suffers from frequent panic attacks. D. Marijuana can trigger increased sensitivity to sounds, tastes, smells, and colors. D. It is a symptom of sleep apnea. D. epinephrine, 99. For her first lesson, her instructor models serving and backhand Individuals with "discovered" memories realize that the memories may be inaccurate. The _____ is a small brain structure that uses input from the retina to synchronize its own rhythm with the daily cycle of light and dark. C. may cause Helen to be at increased risk for heart disease. 27. C. negative punishment. D. reflex. A. Which of the following is true of opiates? complementary consciousness. D. classical conditioning. C. classical conditioning. 107. This is known as divided consciousness. D. Stage 1 sleep, 116. Recollections of one's first family vacation to Disneyland are most likely part of one's C. amphetamine Which of the following statements is true of hypnosis? The baby reaches over to touch a pink flower and is stung by a Awareness involves the 52. Instead, dreams are viewed as dramatizations of general life concerns. 77. Hallucinogens, like LSD, MDMA (ecstasy), and marijuana, are psychoactive drugs that modify a person's perceptual experiences. B. 25. B. Jackson, who is hypnotized in his therapist's office One set of studies has shown that many cells show increased production during sleep. C. non-REM sequence. binary consciousness. by delta waves. D. the consequences of behavior produce change in the probability of the occurrence of the B. conditioned stimulus/unconditioned stimulus According to Sigmund Freud, dreams symbolize A. serotonin The drug she took is most likely a B. H.M. could not learn new physical tasks. B. B. long-term memory/short-term memory If someone responds oddly to a stimulus (when no longer hypnotized) as a result of a hypnotist's suggestion, he or she will try to find a reasonable explanation for it. If someone responds oddly to a stimulus (when no longer hypnotized) as a result of a hypnotist's suggestion, he or she will try to find a reasonable explanation for it. Individuals in a hypnotic state show characteristics of people being in a relaxed waking state. A. From this point of view, dreams are the brain's attempt to make sense of random neural activity. D. transforms information into a form that can be stored in memory. Altered states of consciousness are mental states that are noticeably different from normal awareness (e.g., sleeping or dreaming). In the context of short-term memory, which of the following is true of rehearsal? that the frequency of bullying has decreased. Frank buys a new smartphone and tries exploring the phone's features as soon as he reaches home. The fact that your A. latent learning B. What type of drug is Gloria dependent on? While doing so, he fails to hear the doorbell, which has been ringing for five minutes. A. nondeclarative memory B. classical conditioning Which of the following statements about the effectiveness of hypnosis is FALSE? C) It is known to negatively affect the performances of athletes. D. Discrimination. C. Hypnosis is a commonly used technique for treating problems such as overeating, diabetes, and smoking. Tranquilizers, sedatives, and opiates all belong to the category of ________ drugs. Discuss the nature of hypnosis, individual variations in hypnosis, and application of hypnosis. A. organizing A. A.Sleep apnea B. gary's concern over monthly bills A. Stacey's tests are based on recall. D. negative punishment. A. caffeine A. operant conditioning. Automatic processes C. positive punishment. true. B. decrease memory performance. How much Social Security taxes will be deducted from her salary in November? 30 ( Society of Psychological Hypnosis ), hypnosis is a procedure during which a health professional or researcher suggests while treating someone, that he or she experience changes in sensations, perceptions, thoughts or behavior. A. unconditioned stimulus, unconditioned response, conditioned stimulus, conditioned response 118. Which of the following statements is true of REM sleep? Narcolepsy is a sleep disorder in which individuals He always uses a specific amount B. hypnagogic reverie. Ian's behavior exemplifies B. demonstrating automatic processing. Repeated usage of marijuana can enhance attention and memory. D. prefrontal cortex/reticular activating system, _______ refers to individuals' understanding that they and others think, feel, perceive, and have A. our conscious thoughts and feelings. B. might lead to an increased probability of daydreaming. Nolan and his wife were standing in the middle of the kitchen discussing vacation plans when he suddenly crashed to the floor in a deep REM sleep. He will invite all of his friends over that night for another party. B. Opiates B. a logical information-processing system with memory buffer, short-term and long-term storage, and a complex mechanism for directing attention. 30 ( Society of Psychological Hypnosis ), hypnosis is a procedure during which a health professional or researcher suggests while treating someone, that he or she experience changes in sensations, perceptions, thoughts or behavior. B. tolerance. D. retrieval failures. This technique will allow your _____ to flow. Eventually, Shirley stops studying for algebra tests and accepts that nothing she does will enable her to It also is called hypnotherapy. "No awareness" is a state of consciousness that applies to a person who has been knocked out by a blow, anesthetized, or who has fallen into a deep, prolonged, unconscious state. A. the temporary cessation of breathing during sleep. B. Meditation A. dependence. Divided attention is not likely to impede an individual's ability to pay attention to a specific C. The less elaborate the processing within deep processing, the better the memory. D. REM sleep is characterized by a lack of rapid eye movement. B. encoding failures. A. classical conditioning. 74. true. intermediate processing. The theory rests on the idea that dreams are essentially conscious cognitive processing. you are asked to recall the name of a person you just met a few seconds ago, you rely on ________. C. learned helplessness The baby cries She will tell Mitchell what to expect in the hypnotic state. Which category of drugs modify a person's perceptual experiences and produces visual images that. C. Sustained attention before, Jacob explains the rules of the game to him. A. WebA. ________ memory. true. A. ambiguity effect C. Ambien A. He spent much of this morning vomiting. Kevin suffers from _____. Which of the following statements is true of hypnosis? If Gary described his dream to a psychotherapist, the therapist would tell him that what he had dreamed about was his fear of financial issues and not being able to pay all his bills. WebWhich of the following statements about hypnosis is true? Which of the following regions of the brain are involved in meditation? _____ involves attaining a peaceful state of mind in which thoughts are not occupied by worry. Hypnosis is a trance-like mental state in which people experience increased attention, concentration, and suggestibility. B. strongly increase D. stage 4, 34. A. A. are less common than nightmares. The remaining 12 pairs of skates are marked down to 50% of the original selling price and are finally sold. B. immunosuppression This is known as divided consciousness. B. the parietal lobes of the brain are involved in both retrospective memory and prospective C. narcolepsy. B. physical dependence. B. sudden uncontrollable seizures. Sleepwalking occurs during _____ of the sleep cycle. The cognitive theory of dreaming claims that we can understand dreaming by applying the same cognitive concepts we use in studying the waking mind. B. depressant D. Episodic memory/Semantic memory, Which of the following is subdivided into episodic and semantic memory? A. discovery learning. A. D. displacement. Homer goes to his psychotherapist and describes his recent dreams where he flies like an eagle through the sky. D. sleep apnea. C. Generalizing 59. Latent Content: What a dream symbolizes. reinforced for successfully running through it. On Friday, he became desperate for the drug while visiting with A.psychological dependence. loudly as soon as she sees it. B. a logical information-processing system with memory buffer, short-term and long-term storage, and a complex mechanism for directing attention. A. why students should study exam material over a period of days instead of hours. Only 6 pairs of the skates sell at the original price, and the manager decides to mark down the remaining skates. A. the social-cognitive-behavior view of hypnosis. B. somnambulism. B. sensory memory D. semantic memory, Jillian was in a car accident and sustained a serious head trauma. D. stimulant, College students who consume large amounts of alcohol on weekends are abusing which type(s) of B.narcolepsy Leonard is addicted to heroin, but is very careful about overdosing. A. script. In the context of memory retrieval, which of the following statements is Research on the effects A. Betty has dissociative identity disorder. surgery that involved removing the hippocampus and a portion of the temporal lobes of both C. insomnia. The two hemispheres can no longer relay information back and forth. C. chunking. memories. A. more than three drinks in a row A. sleep apnea. C. automatic processing. exemplifies 62. B. psychological dependence. In a television reality show, Trevor, the host, puts one of his contestants in a trance and asks her to pretend to be a A. getting hurt D. observational learning. Instead you merely translate your thoughts into words. A. unconditioned response (UR). Which of the following statements is true of marijuana? Which of the following statements is true of caffeine? D. hypnosis involves a special state of consciousness in which consciousness is split into separate components. In operant conditioning, B. narcolepsy. D. will result in longer hours of sleep. A. depression A. Instinctive drift True Statement (S) Drag Appropriate Answer (S) Here If Someone Is Afraid Of Being Hypnotized, The Hypnosis Will Probably Not Work. D. representing higher executive function. accurate? subjects are always aware of everything that goes on around them: true or false. B. Hypnosis produces a state of consciousness dissimilar to other states of consciousness. A. the bell had become a reflex. C. stage 3 sleep. a. Hypnotized people can be made to do things against their will b. Hypnosis increases the accuracy of memory c. Hypnotic responsiveness depends almost on the skill of the hypnotist d. Hypnosis has been used in the treatment of stress and anxiety Expert Answer 100% (1 rating) D. hypnagogic reverie, Controlled processes A. corpus callosum D. unconditioned response. Meditation A. B. It involves a sudden, overpowering urge to sleep. D. implicit memory. True: If someone is afraid of being hypnotized, the hypnosis will probably not work. arousal from sleep and an intense physiological fear reaction (e.g., screaming, heavy breathing, and If someone responds oddly to a stimulus (when no longer hypnotized) as a result of a hypnotist's suggestion, he or she will try to find a reasonable explanation for it. Which of the following statements is true of daydreaming? If someone responds oddly to a stimulus (when no longer hypnotized) as a result of a hypnotist's suggestion, he or she will try to find a reasonable explanation for it. C. hallucinogenic D. learned helplessness, A ________ reinforcer is innately satisfying and it does not take any learning on the organism's part C. Self-actualization B. Hypnosis produces a state of consciousness dissimilar to other states of consciousness. conditioning what led to Leonard's condition? 19. D. According to the theory, very unusual aspects of dreamssuch as odd activities, strange images, and sudden scene shifts cannot be understood. A trained and certified hypnotist or hypnotherapist guides you into this deep state of focus and relaxation with verbal cues, repetition and imagery. B. D. GABA. B. Freud's psychoanalytic theory Hilgard's view that hypnosis involves a splitting of consciousness into two separate components, one of which follows the hypnotist's commands and the other of which acts as a "hidden observer" is known as 46. Thus, when we see lightning, we Implicit memory has two subsystems: episodic memory and semantic memory. how anyone could ever get these dangerous animals to be so cooperative without anesthesia. According to the Atkinson-Shiffrin theory, information can last up to a lifetime in C. depressants D. motor reproduction. B. 83. D. dreaming. Controlled processing requires active conscious effort. B. tranquilizer. A. stimulants C. They improve memory retention. Which of the following statements is true of meditation? B. immunosuppression. D. broca's area and the hypothalamus, A. the basal ganglia and prefrontal cortex. A. narcolepsy D. executive processes. Time line therapy A. daydreaming. C. Money Grandpa is napping in his recliner, snoring loudly, when suddenly he stops snoring. B. lacking awareness. A. recall/recognition C. It is derived from natural components of plants. D. circadian rhythm. She is Heather reported a boost in energy and a sense of well-being after taking a drug. C. interfere with other ongoing activities. Night terrors typically occur Retrieval is the memory process that Since then, she has had immense difficulty in communicating with others. 128. They increase dopamine levels in the brain's reward pathways. Which of the following is true regarding learning through operant conditioning?
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