Henry Ford (1863 - 1947) US Industrialist. Popular soap operas received thousands of letters from women asking for help with real-life problems. Radio provided a shared national experience of entertainment and information. The fireside chats were crucial to unifying the country during a difficult time and set a standard for communications by future presidents. He remained associated with Benny's radio and television programs until Benny's death in 1974. Adam Carolla. Congress soon passed legislation that required diversity of ownership. Amos: When I tell Mister Hopkins dat I lost half de milk, he goin' git mad wid me. Radio comedies, however, were limited to minstrel-style shows performed by white artists. Barbara Stanwyck, Lucille Ball, and Bette Davis were just some of the stars that appeared on radio during the Depression. John Lennon (1940 - 1980) British musician, member of the Beatles. Now the mass produced goods could be promoted through the mass media for mass consumption. Popular bandleaders including Duke Ellington, Benny Goodman, and Tommy Dorsey and their jazz bands became nationally famous through their radio performances, and a host of other jazz musicians flourished as radio made the genre nationally popular (Wald . News programs and commentary provided direct challenges to long-held views, likewise many "entertainment" programs provided cultural criticism. Early ads promoted an institutional image in a style later common to public radios underwriting announcements. Many advertisers made themselves known by eventually adopting the practice of combining their name with the name of the star or the title of the program, as with Camel Caravan, sponsored by the R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company, or A&P Gypsies, sponsored by the largest American grocery-store chain at the time. on E. 105th between Cedar and Carnegie avenues in the late 1940s and early 1950s, before landing . 3. Despite an initial decline in radio ownership in the early part of the Depression, children and others started becoming avid radio listeners. While not all radio programs reflected the values in tension during the Great Depression, radio was a forum for exploring the many aspects of America that were being challenged by poverty and decay. Beginning in the 1930s and continuing for more than two decades, a majority of prime-time network programs were actually created by advertising agencies employed by sponsors. As they moved to radio and their show was broadcast all over the world they had the awesome task of creating new material for each show. On live band remotes carried from ballrooms in New York City and Chicago, big bands led by the likes of Artie Shaw, Benny Goodman, and Tommy Dorsey played popular dance music for listeners around the country. Radio Reader: Essays in the Cultural History of Radio. Radio and film star George Burns claimed that radio was an easier medium than others since the performers could read their lines rather than having to memorize them. The Great Depression especially brought new and troubling problems. Radio companies fought with ASCAP over blanket recording agreementsbasically they wanted to be able to play a recording whenever they wanted for a set price. In the late 1930s the Federal Communications Commission (created by the Communications Act of 1934) investigated the potential for a monopoly on broadcasting, and in 1941 it recommended that no single company own more than one network. By the time the infant son of national hero Charles Lindbergh was kidnapped and murdered, the role of communication in radio had become so important that the 1935 verdict in the Lindbergh kidnapping trial was broadcast over radio. Here is their schedule for September 21, 1939 (from Old-Time Radio. Watkins, T.H. Omissions? Roosevelt believed he needed to keep close contact with the American people given the severe hardships many were suffering through the Great Depression and ensuring as much support as possible for his New Deal programs. (Picks up phone. The conventional, amplitude modulation (AM) form of radio signal proved limiting in broadcasting, producing much static at times. Studies showed that Americans were listening to radio for an average of five hours a day. typical "household hints" programming that was de rigueur at the time for female radio personalities Between 1936 and 1941 Orson Welles participated in over one hundred radio drama productions as writer, actor, and director. Soon after, with the authority of the Congress, we asked the Nation to turn over all of its privately held gold, dollar for dollar, to the Government of the United States. Fred Allen (born John Florence Sullivan, May 31, 1894 March 17, 1956) was an American comedian whose absurdist, topically pointed radio show (19321949) made him one of the most popular and forward-looking humorists in the so-called classic era of American radio. How did radio change American's understanding of the people "over there?" He spoke with clarion clarity, his voice an elocution . Richar Diamond starring Dick Powell.First came Rogue's Gallery *where I know him from originally*in 1945-46. Fred W. Kaltenbach. "Blondie," "Gasoline Alley," and "Li'l Abner" were closely followed by both children and adults. In the 1930s, Father Coughlin was one of the most influential public figures in the United States. Arthur "Al Benson" Bernard Leaner - WGES. The show, which began slowly and calmly at first, steadily built to a frantic pace, giving the impression of hours passing in minutes. Radio in the 1930s often contrived events to encourage people to listen. Therefore, that information is unavailable for most Encyclopedia.com content. William S. Paley (19011990). The future president Ronald Reagan, a sports announcer at WHO in Des Moines, Iowa during much of the Depression, called play-by-play for the Chicago Cubs. Music was performed live during the early days of radio, so studios were built large enough to accommodate full orchestras. famous radio personalities 1940s religious interview questions and answers sharleen spiteri ashley heath . Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. Early Years, 1920s-1940s. Then, copy and paste the text into your bibliography or works cited list. October 2nd, 1924, the day WCCO Radio came to the airwaves of Minnesota. Refer to each styles convention regarding the best way to format page numbers and retrieval dates. They warned that children should be running and playing outside, not sitting inside being entertained by a box. He began as a supporter of President Roosevelt and the New Deal social and economic programs, but he eventually changed into a harsh critic. 1940. During the '50s the program was retooled into the Lux Video Theater for TV. While in London Murrow brought together several exceptionally talented newsmen, known as "Murrow's Boys.". Germany was invading its neighbors. In 1949, he wins the National Leagues Most Valuable Player Award. The sound of the rocket ship in "Buck Rogers in the Twenty-Fifth Century" was created by placing paper over the air-conditioning vents and placing a microphone in a small spot in the middle. He was introduced (with actress Verna Felton playing his mother) as a young (nineteen year old), naive boy singer a character he kept through his whole career. Variety shows included a range of entertainment including music, singing, dancing, and comedy. The less expensive radio model made radios a household item. Nationally distributed magazines had been the key medium before the rise of radio and national broadcasting networks. Radio emerged as an important method of disseminating news during the 1930s. As for WLS and WCFL and their deejays, Kittleson sums it up simply by saying, "Good stuff. A guy talking in an echo chamber sounding like Arnold Stang is "Eugor", some kind of an unconscious voice that gets mixed up in the episodes. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. The Saint .The longest-running radio incarnation was with Vincent Price, who played the character in a series between 1947 and 1951 on three networks: CBS, Mutual and NBC. Mr. Riechman was the distributor for Majestic Radios and felt the future was in selling radios rather than in broadcasting. New York: The Macmillan Company, 1941, pp. Broadcasting Freedom: Radio, War and the Politics of Race, 19381948. A new Federal Radio Commission established by the law would define what the public interest meant, though broadcasters would be held responsible for the content they provided. De man don' want no water in his milk.". "Lost Horizon," an episode of the motion-picture adaptation series Academy Award Theater, starring Ronald Colman; airdate November 27, 1946. The former vaudevillian actor mastered the unique art of radio and created a variety show of immense popularity. At the star, John Peel One of the most popular radio personalities of the 1950s was "The Fleischmann's Yeast Hour" became the first radio variety show. October 1999. Han' me dat bucket. Many of the production companies employed correspondents who wrote back with suggestions. 61 soap operas on the radio in 1939 alone, and some of the soap operas on television today got their start on radio. Besides singing, Denni. On site to report on the Hindenburg's voyage, instead the reporter's response to the tragedy was recorded and later broadcast, bringing the horror into thousands of living rooms. President Franklin Delano Roosevelt (served 19331945) immediately seized on the popularity of radio with his series of Fireside Chats that he conducted beginning in the second week of his presidency. The explosion of radio was both exhilarating and exhausting. As radio became more sophisticated, new areas of skill and talent emerged, such as sound effects. Millions of American soldiers left for World War II, and with them went men and women journalists - most notably the "Murrow boys." Edward R. Murrow, made famous by World War II, began a transition from radio to television. Grote Reber (born 1911) was a radio engineer who became interested in radio astronomy as a hobby. Encyclopedia.com. Amos: Where you goin'? The National Association of Broadcasters created standards of performance and objectivity that spawned discussion and that evolved throughout the rest of the twentieth century. His character was particularly appealing to the Great Depression audience that was coping with economic hard times. They were a good investmentafter the initial expense, the family was able to enjoy drama, comedy, quiz shows, the news, and more for free in the comfort of their homes. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. Actually, Powell had made the pilot episode for the Marlowe show, but luckily for all concerned, he passed it up and did the Richard Diamond show instead. Frequencies used for broadcasting were to be held by the government, not owned by licensees. Age: 70 . MIKETERRY MIKE TERRY. Attendance at the movie theaters remained strong through the first few years of the Depression, but that also would eventually decline substantially. The wide dissemination of incorrect or selectively chosen information could invite or reinforce opinions. Former radio personality Doug Allen is a jingle archivist and now maintains Jinglefreaks.com, where his growing collection of radio jingles is available online. Kaltenborn, and William Shirer broadcast reports of the bombing of London and the German occupation of continental Europe, the view of many Americans began to change. "The Maxwell House Show Boat" was a variety show that evoked nostalgia for the old-time South, making listeners forget the griminess of Depression-wracked urban America. (February 22, 2023). The decade started off in 1921 with just 5 radio stations in the country but ended with 606 stations. afford more talented writers and performers, and develop more compelling stories and programs. 6. They set a new standard for communications between the president and the public (from Franklin Roosevelt. Updates? HYLAND: An innocent boy is going to die in one minute. Winchell is sometimes considered the father of tabloid reporting. They feared that the exchange of ideas and clash of opinions essential to democracy would be compromised. Allin Slate: An early leader in Los Angeles sports radio from the 1940s through the 1960s. The condemned man's sister is a telephone operator (from Leonard Maltin. Music publishing companies hired song pluggers to "place" their songs with singers and musicians. When war between Germany and the United Kingdom was declared, Murrow reported firsthand. By the mid-1950s American radio had moved beyond its Golden Age to modern formats such as Top 40, alternative or underground FM, talk shows, and public-service programming. As CBS News Vice President and Director of Public Affairs, Murrow remained uncomfortable as an executive and returned to reporting in 1951. The 1940s were a decade of tension and transition. Later in the 1930s as Spain descended into civil war, radio became pivotal in rallying the forces opposing the military government. Having delivered such addresses to the citizens of New York as governor, he delivered 28 fireside chats to the nation during his presidency. These attacks that were so strong that he was sometimes called the father of hate speech. The disc jockey became important in Chicago radio during the 1930s, well before the term "disc jockey" was coined in the 1940s. CBS sent Murrow to London in the 1930s and it was from there that he began a series of memorable broadcasts. Music programming was the most prevalent throughout the decade, and despite the growth in news, dramas, and comedies, by 1940 music still provided 50 percent of radio programming. The deepening Depression impacted every aspect of American life and Americans looked for new avenues to escape the dreariness of unemployment, homelessness, and hunger. Other news events also came into the homes of many Americans. People in the cities, farms, and suburbs listened to the same programs at the same time. "Watch on the Rhine," an episode of the motion-picture adaptation series Academy Award Theater, starring Paul Lukas; airdate August 7, 1946. As a result there was vigilance to keep off the air anything that might be interpreted as supportive of these politics or in opposition to government efforts to bring about economic recovery. By 1944 it had been renamed the American Broadcasting Company (ABC). Some of the more creative radio talents functioned as their own producers, receiving a budget from the agency out of which they paid the supporting actors and crew. Nachmann, Gerald. Today we are only part-way through that programand recovery is speeding up to a point where the dangers of 1929 are gain becoming possible, not this week or month perhaps, but within a year or two. Indeed, many objected to the commercialization of radio, among them Herbert Hoover, who said in 1924, I believe the quickest way to kill broadcasting would be to use it for direct advertising. Strong arguments were made opposing the invasion of peoples homes with commerce (although newspapers and magazines had done so for more than a century) on the grounds that it would lead to entertainment programs pitched to the mass audience, thereby limiting radios potential educational and social benefits. Coughlin was highly popular in the early 1930s with his radio program attracting an estimated 30 to 45 million listeners each week. "Radio 1929-1941 The dramas were called soap operas because manufacturers of the major brands of soap, including Proctor and Gamble and Lever Brothers, sponsored them. New York: Pantheon Books, 1998. Women and Radio: Airing Differences, edited by Caroline Mitchell. In those days, it was easier to tune into a radio station in Chicago than in northern Michigan for Rock and Roll music. Biggest stars of the 1940's. Menu. Writer-producer-director Norman Corwin, one of radios brightest talents, ruefully made the point that radios most creative era was the shortest golden age in history. During its brief heyday, however, dramatic radio thrived and was a vital part of American culture. The firm would make random telephone calls to people who lived in 36 major cities. The program lamented the German military planes flying at will over his native country and wreaking havoc with their bombs. Radio entertainment played on the imagination of the listeners by creating visions of the action and characters portrayed. Radio programming shifted away from drama, comedy, and variety shows to other formats including music, talk shows, and news. Eventually, the Radio Guild protested the actors appearing on "Hollywood Hotel" without pay and in 1938 the show was cancelled. The Adventures of Amos 'n Andy: A Social History of an American Phenomenon. The hot drink Ovaltine and "Little Orphan Annie" were partners for many years. Wells's novel The War of the Worlds by Orson It was the golden age of comic books. Considerable interference resulted as operators shifted station frequency (and sometimes the transmitter location, by mounting it in a truck) in an attempt to obtain a clear signal. (Tone: Phone drops to floor). The orchestra of Guy Lombardo and His Royal Canadians were made famous by radio, as was jazz musician Count Basie. Not only news shows, but also entertainment shows, frequently provided perspective and gentle criticism, helping to break down barriers between communities. Its premiere was lauded as exceptional, bold radio. The 1920s saw a steady growth in radio ownership and programming, and radios were becoming increasingly popular. The series was based on the novel Mr. and Mrs. Cugat (1940), written by Isabel Scott Rorick, which had previously been adapted into the Paramount Pictures feature film Are Husbands Necessary? The Shadow, a crime drama, also had a loyal following. #37 of 61. Hilmes, Michele. Programming turned political when Pres. Paley developed and ran the CBS radio and television networks. Stunt broadcasts were a regular part of programming. Some stars and programs from the last years of American radios Golden Age successfully transferred to televisionfor instance, the comedians George Burns and Gracie Allen, the soap opera The Guiding Light, the situation comedy Father Knows Best, the police drama Dragnet, and the western Gunsmoke. Given the impacts of the Great Depression on the average citizen's entertainment budget, it seemed that everyone in America turned to radio for entertainment in the 1930s. "Pride of the Marines," an episode of the motion-picture adaptation series Academy Award Theater, starring John Garfield; airdate June 15, 1946. Jefferson, NC: McFarland & Co., 1998. In 1932 NBC posted a profit of $1 million and CBS posted a profit of $1.6 million. He was the radio quiz show host of 'Information Please!', chief editor at Simon & Schuster, and literary editor of The New Yorker magazine in the 1930s and 1940s, among other employments. famous radio personalities 1940s Isgho Votre ducation notre priorit In 1936 she donned her soon-to-be-famous sarong for her debut at Paramount, The Jungle Princess (1936), and . In 1936, however, radio transmitters reached most of the population of Spain. . KSTP in St. Paul Minnesota covered a wedding in a hot air balloon for its listeners. The husband and wife comedy team of George Burns and Gracie Allen became representatives of the desired everyday world in American culture. Radio writers often wrote their sound requirements into the script, as did Irving Reis in his radio play "Meridian 7-1212." largely derived by black American musicians and frequently played by Jewish musicians. Comedian Bob Hope was an exceptional radio performer who went on to an extraordinary career in television and film. Carpenter, Ronald H. Father Charles E. Coughlin: Surrogate Spokesman for the Disaffected. "The Seventh Victim," an episode of the science-fiction series X Minus One, based on a short story by Robert Sheckley; airdate March 6, 1957. WKN New evidence has been sent to us by Alfred Cowles, Jr. that his father Alfred L. Cowles, Sr. started WKN, the first Memphis radio station in 1921. Quiz Kids, a popular radio and TV series of the 1940s and 1950s, was created by Chicago public relations and advertising man Louis G. Cowan. In the mid-to late-1920s, networks were formed as companies bought stations all over the country, forming a "network" of radio stations. His first song was "Goodnight My Beautiful". Marjorie Finlay also had her own TV show, which had viewership in the USA and Europe. The public found radio to be the most accessible form of entertainment and information available. Women were the key listeners during the daytime, so household products such as soap were eager advertisers for those time slots. The show is notable for being the first sitcom to star an African American actress.Originally portrayed by white actor Marlin Hurt*pictured*, Beulah Brown first appeared in 1939 when Hurt introduced and played the character on the Hometown Incorporated radio series and in 1940 on NBC radio's Show Boat series. Men were often out of work, stressed by their situation, and maybe even on the road for long periods looking for job opportunities. Nationally known radio stars began to exist after the advent of the networks. Andy: Well, it's yore own faultdat's all I got say. In the early 1930s the phonographic record player was a standard appliance in many middle class American households, but as the Depression continued fewer people could afford the steep price of $.75 per record, resulting in the decline of record sales. The 1930s were a time of profound and lasting changes at home and abroad. From 1922 to 1925, Herbert Hoover, then secretary of commerce and in charge of radio policy, convened four national conferences, each of which petitioned Congress to replace the only existing (and obsolete) laws regarding broadcasting, which had been established in 1912 to regulate ship-to-shore transmissions.
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