. Connecticut's proposal was an attempt to slow the growth of the nation, control westward expansion, and bolster the federal government's revenue. When the honorable member rose, in his first speech, I paid him the respect of attentive listening; and when he sat down, though surprised, and I must say even astonished, at some of his opinions, nothing was farther from my intention than to commence any personal warfare: and through the whole of the few remarks I made in answer, I avoided, studiously and carefully, everything which I thought possible to be construed into disrespect. . . Expert Answers. In this regard, Webster anticipated an argument that Abraham Lincoln made in his First Inaugural Address (1861). But I do not understand the doctrine now contended for to be that which, for the sake of distinctness, we may call the right of revolution. At the time of the debate, Webster was serving his term as Senator of Massachusetts. Create your account, 15 chapters | Speech of Senator Daniel Webster of Massachusetts, January 20, 1830. Congress could only recommendtheir acts were not of binding force, till the states had adopted and sanctioned them. The people of the United States have declared that this Constitution shall be the Supreme Law. Foote Idea To Limit The Sale Of Public Lands In The West To New Settlers. "The most eloquent speech ever delivered in Congress" may have been Webster's 1830 "Second Reply to Hayne", a South Carolina Senator who had echoed John C. Calhoun's case for state's rights.. Several state governments or courts, some in the north, had espoused the idea of nullification prior to 1828. Correct answers: 2 question: Which of the following is the best definition of a hypothesis? The gentleman takes alarm at the sound. . The Most Famous Senate Speech January 26, 1830 The debate began simply enough, centering on the seemingly prosaic subjects of tariff and public land policy. On that system, Ohio and Carolina are different governments, and different countries, connected here, it is true, by some slight and ill-defined bond of union, but, in all main respects, separate and diverse. Plus, get practice tests, quizzes, and personalized coaching to help you The great debate, which culminated in Hayne's encounter with Webster, came about in a somewhat casual way. And now, Mr. President, let me run the honorable gentlemans doctrine a little into its practical application. The Webster-Hayne debate was a series of spontaneous speeches delivered before the Senate in 1830. . 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Understand the 1830 debate's significance through an overview of issues of the Constitution, the Union, and state sovereignty. No doubt can exist, that, before the states entered into the compact, they possessed the right to the fullest extent, of determining the limits of their own powersit is incident to all sovereignty. The people had had quite enough of that kind of government, under the Confederacy. Southern ships and Southern sailors were not the instruments of bringing slaves to the shores of America, nor did our merchants reap the profits of that accursed traffic.. You'll laugh, you'll cry, you'll hopefully stay awake until the end of the lesson. . Inflamed and mortified at this repulse, Hayne soon returned to the assault, primed with a two-day speech, which at great length vaunted the patriotism of South Carolina and bitterly attacked New England, dwelling particularly upon her conduct during the late war. . Senator Foote, of Connecticut, submitted a proposition inquiring into the expediency of limiting the sales of public lands to those already in the market. Webster realized that if the social, political, and economic elite of Massachusetts and the Northeast were to once again lay claim to national leadership, he had to justify New England's previous history of sectionalism within a framework of nationalistic progression. To unlock this lesson you must be a Study.com Member. . I understand him to maintain an authority, on the part of the states, thus to interfere, for the purpose of correcting the exercise of power by the general government, of checking it, and of compelling it to conform to their opinion of the extent of its powers. Shedding weak tears over sufferings which had existence only in their own sickly imaginations, these friends of humanity set themselves systematically to work to seduce the slaves of the South from their masters. Rachel Venter is a recent graduate of Metropolitan State University of Denver. The debate can be seen as a precursor to the debate that became . The Webster-Hayne Debate between New Hampshire Senator Daniel Webster and South Carolina Senator Robert Young Hayne highlighted the sectional nature of the controversy. Prejudice Not Natural: The American Colonization "What to the Slave Is the Fourth of July? On this subject, as in all others, we ask nothing of our Northern brethren but to let us alone; leave us to the undisturbed management of our domestic concerns, and the direction of our own industry, and we will ask no more. . . Excerpts from Ratification Documents of Virginia a Ratifying Conventions>New York Ratifying Convention. Rush-Bagot Treaty Structure & Effects | What was the Rush-Bagot Agreement? Webster and the northern states saw the Constitution as binding the individual states together as a single union. For all this, there was not the slightest foundation, in anything said or intimated by me. And, therefore, I cannot but feel regret at the expression of such opinions as the gentleman has avowed; because I think their obvious tendency is to weaken the bond of our connection. She has a BA in political science. Go to these cities now, and ask the question. . They significantly declare, that it is time to calculate the value of the Union; and their aim seems to be to enumerate, and to magnify all the evils, real and imaginary, which the government under the Union produces. We resolved to make the best of the situation in which Providence had placed us, and to fulfil the high trust which had developed upon us as the owners of slaves, in the only way in which such a trust could be fulfilled, without spreading misery and ruin throughout the land. Our notion of things is entirely different. State governments were in control of their own affairs and expected little intervention from the federal government. . It is only regarded as a possible means of good; or on the other hand, as a possible means of evil. Well, it's important to remember that the nation was still young and much different than what we think of today. If I had, sir, the powers of a magician, and could, by a wave of my hand, convert this capital into gold for such a purpose, I would not do it. . He must say to his followers [members of the state militia], defend yourselves with your bayonets; and this is warcivil war. Hayne maintained that the states retained the authority to nullify federal law, Webster that federal law expressed the will of the American people and could not be nullified by a minority of the people in a state. I wish to see no new powers drawn to the general government; but I confess I rejoice in whatever tends to strengthen the bond that unites us, and encourages the hope that our Union may be perpetual. The other way was through the sale of federally-owned land to private citizens. . But, sir, the task has been forced upon me, and I proceed right onward to the performance of my duty; be the consequences what they may, the responsibility is with those who have imposed upon me this necessity. These debates transformed into a national crisis when South Carolina threatened . Now, I wish to be informedhowthis state interference is to be put in practice, without violence, bloodshed, and rebellion. It makes but little difference, in my estimation, whether Congress or the Supreme Court, are invested with this power. Some of his historical deductions may be questioned; but far above all possible error on the part of her leaders, stood colonial and Revolutionary New England, and the sturdy, intelligent, and thriving people whose loyalty to the Union had never failed, and whose home, should ill befall the nation, would yet prove liberty's last shelter. I know that there are some persons in the part of the country from which the honorable member comes, who habitually speak of the Union in terms of indifference, or even of disparagement. The measures of the federal government have, it is true, prostrated her interests, and will soon involve the whole South in irretrievable ruin. It laid the interdict against personal servitude, in original compact, not only deeper than all local law, but deeper, also, than all local constitutions. Webster also tried to assert the importance of New England in the face of . Mr. Hayne having rejoined to Mr. Webster, especially on the constitutional question. The Webster-Hayne debates began over one issue but quickly switched to another. They will also better understand the debate's political context. You see, to the south, the Constitution was essentially a treaty signed between sovereign states. But, sir, we will pass over all this. Hayne's First Speech (January 19, 1830) Webster's First Reply to Hayne (January 20, 1830) Hayne's Second Speech (January 21, 1830) Webster's Second Reply to Hayne (January 26-27, 1830) This page was last edited on 13 June 2021, at . . We found that we had to deal with a people whose physical, moral, and intellectual habits and character, totally disqualified them from the enjoyment of the blessings of freedom. . All regulated governments, all free governments, have been broken up by similar disinterested and well-disposed interference! They undertook to form a general government, which should stand on a new basisnot a confederacy, not a league, not a compact between states, but a Constitution; a popular government, founded in popular election, directly responsible to the people themselves, and divided into branches, with prescribed limits of power, and prescribed duties. . Webster rose the next day in his seat to make his reply. They will not destroy it, they will not impair itthey will only save, they will only preserve, they will only strengthen it! Those who would confine the federal government strictly within the limits prescribed by the Constitutionwho would preserve to the states and the people all powers not expressly delegatedwho would make this a federal and not a national Unionand who, administering the government in a spirit of equal justice, would make it a blessing and not a curse. Edited and introduced by Jason W. Stevens. The main issue of the Webster-Hayne Debate was the nature of the country that had been created by the Constitution. Nullification, Webster maintained, was a political absurdity. . . succeed. This means that South Carolina is essentially its own nation, Georgia is its own nation, and so on. . It would enable Congress and the Executive to exercise a control over states, as well as over great interests in the country, nay, even over corporations and individualsutterly destructive of the purity, and fatal to the duration of our institutions. Most assuredly, I need not say I differ with him, altogether and most widely, on that point. The idea of a strong federal government The ability of the people to revolt against an unfair government The theory that the states' may vote against unfair laws The role of the president in commanding the government 2 See answers Advertisement holesstanham Answer: He must cut it with his sword. TeachingAmericanHistory.org is a project of the Ashbrook Center at Ashland University, 401 College Avenue, Ashland, Ohio 44805 PHONE (419) 289-5411 TOLL FREE (877) 289-5411 EMAIL [emailprotected], The Congress Sends Twelve Amendments to the States, The Lincoln-Douglas Debates 3rd Debate Part I, The Lincoln-Douglas Debates 3rd Debate Part II, The Lincoln-Douglas Debates 4th Debate Part I, The Lincoln-Douglas Debates 4th Debate Part II, The Lincoln-Douglas Debates 6th Debate Part I, The Lincoln-Douglas Debates 6th Debate Part II, The Lincoln-Douglas Debates 7th Debate Part I, National Disfranchisement of Colored People, William Lloyd Garrison to Thomas Shipley. Mr. Webster arose, and, in conclusion, said: A few words, Mr. President, on this constitutional argument, which the honorable gentleman has labored to reconstruct. Thousands of these deluded victims of fanaticism were seduced into the enjoyment of freedom in our Northern cities. Sir, as to the doctrine that the federal government is the exclusive judge of the extent as well as the limitations of its powers, it seems to be utterly subversive of the sovereignty and independence of the states. This important consideration, seriously and deeply impressed on our minds, led each state in the Convention to be less rigid, on points of inferior magnitude, than might have been otherwise expected.. He remained a Southern Unionist through his long public career and a good type of the growing class of statesman devoted to slave interests who loved the Union as it was and doted upon its compromises. . . These verses recount the first occurrence of slavery. . . No hanging over the abyss of disunion, no weighing of the chances, no doubting as to what the Constitution was worth, no placing of liberty before Union, but "liberty and union, now and forever, one and inseparable." The Virginia Resolution asserted that when the federal government undertook the deliberate, palpable, and dangerous exercise of powers not granted to it in the constitution, states had the right and duty to interpose their authority to prevent this evil. . Historians love a good debate. In this moment in American history, the federal government had relatively little power. T he Zionist-evangelical back story goes back several decades, with 90-year-old televangelist Pat Robertson being a prime case study.. One of the more notable "coincidences" or anomalies Winter Watch brings to your attention is the image of Robertson on the cover of Time magazine in 1986 back before the public was red pilled by the Internet -as the pastor posed with a gesture called . . . They have agreed, that certain specific powers shall be exercised by the federal government; but the moment that government steps beyond the limits of its charter, the right of the states to interpose for arresting the progress of the evil, and for maintaining within their respective limits the authorities, rights, and liberties, appertaining to them,[7] is as full and complete as it was before the Constitution was formed. Sir, I have had some opportunities of making comparisons between the condition of the free Negroes of the North and the slaves of the South, and the comparison has left not only an indelible impression of the superior advantages of the latter, but has gone far to reconcile me to slavery itself. For the next several days, the men traded speeches which contemporaries of the time described as the greatest orations ever delivered in the Senate. In The Webster-Hayne Debate, Christopher Childers examines the context of the debate between Daniel Webster of Massachusetts and his Senate colleague Robert S. Hayne of South Carolina in January 1830 . A four-speech debate between Daniel Webster of Massachusetts and Robert Hayne of South Carolina, in January 1830. Enveloping all of these changes was an ever-growing tension over the economy, as southern states firmly defended slavery and northern states advocated for a more industrial, slave-free market. If this is to become one great consolidated government, swallowing up the rights of the states, and the liberties of the citizen, riding and ruling over the plundered ploughman, and beggared yeomanry,[8] the Union will not be worth preserving. It was motivated by a dispute over the continued sale of western lands, an important source of revenue for the federal government. My life upon it, sir, they would not. So what was this debate really about? Their own power over their own instrument remains. Then, in January of 1830, a senator from Connecticut introduced a proposal to the Senate stating that the federal government should stop surveying the lands west of the Mississippi River. . Well, you're not alone. I will struggle while I have life, for our altars and our fire sides, and if God gives me strength, I will drive back the invader discomfited. Webster's description of the U.S. government as "made for the people, made by the people, and answerable to the people," was later paraphrased by Abraham Lincoln in the Gettysburg Address in the words "government of the people, by the people, for the people." His ideas about federalism and his interpretation of the Constitution as a document uniting the states under one supreme law were highly influential in the eyes of his contemporaries and would influence the rebuilding of the nation after the Civil War. An accomplished politician, Hayne was an eloquent orator who enthralled his audiences. The people of the United States cherish a devotion to the Union, so pure, so ardent, that nothing short of intolerable oppression, can ever tempt them to do anything that may possibly endanger it. . The senator from Massachusetts, in denouncing what he is pleased to call the Carolina doctrine,[5] has attempted to throw ridicule upon the idea that a state has any constitutional remedy by the exercise of its sovereign authority against a gross, palpable, and deliberate violation of the Constitution. He called it an idle or a ridiculous notion, or something to that effect; and added, that it would make the Union a mere rope of sand. There was an end to all apprehension. . Sir, all our difficulties on this subject have arisen from interference from abroad, which has disturbed, and may again disturb, our domestic tranquility, just so far as to bring down punishment upon the heads of the unfortunate victims of a fanatical and mistaken humanity. sir, this is but the old story. . Correspondence Between Anthony Butler and Presiden State of the Union Address Part II (1846). . If the government of the United States be the agent of the state governments, then they may control it, provided they can agree in the manner of controlling it; if it be the agent of the people, then the people alone can control it, restrain it, modify, or reform it. Create your account. The gentleman, indeed, argues that slavery, in the abstract, is no evil. When the gentleman says the Constitution is a compact between the states, he uses language exactly applicable to the old Confederation. | 12 . The Webster Hayne Debate. It has been said that Hayne was Calhoun's sword and buckler and that he returned to the contest refreshed each morning by nightly communions with the Vice-President, drawing auxiliary supplies from the well-stored arsenal of his powerful and subtle mind. Let us look at the historical facts. He describes fully that old state of things then existing. What idea was espoused with the Webster-Hayne debates? . Liberty has been to them the greatest of calamities, the heaviest of curses. Web hardcover $30.00 paperback $17.00 kindle nook book ibook. . I maintain that, from the day of the cession of the territories by the states to Congress, no portion of the country has acted, either with more liberality or more intelligence, on the subject of the Western lands in the new states, than New England.
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